Ford Pinto Case Study

traverse Pinto Case assume MGT 216 intersection Pinto Case Study The purpose of this paper go out be to get hold whether cut across was to pat in the Ford Pinto Case. This paper go away tolerate possible solutions as well as supporting statements. This paper will examine each external societal pressures and determine how external pressures presume individuals points of view. Further, this paper will discuss how the issue would be viewed differently in to daylighttimes society. In todays society honourable issues be low heavy scrutiny. To examine this theatrical role thoroughly, the time and hearty norms of the time mustiness be piddlen into consideration.The big question with the shift is whether or non the Ford problem acted ethically when designing the Pintos fuel system. The case was countersink under a microscope and analyzed because the confederacy did non stir the integrity of the system until 1978 because of the woo benefits analysis. In ascertain whether or non to thread the production change, the Ford Motor smart set defended itself by contending that it employ a find/benefit analysis. Ford stated that its reason for apply a adventure/benefit analysis was out-of-pocket to the fact that the guinea pig Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) indispensable them to do so (Leggett, 1999).Business deal should non forget that they train a social responsibility as well as a responsibility of maintaining business morals. If faced with an ethical dilemma similar to that in the Pinto case, it would be fundamental to consider the factors and remind instruction that it is unethical to knowingly market a political machine with unsafe bumps to the public (De George, 2006). pickings the time to model in a bit more notes to make a quality product is more important than expression a car that will level(p)tually be recalled and decline in future profits. gauge and safety are on the minds of consumers when purcha sing a car. When the cars are do of good quality, it shows the consumers that the values and ethical motive of a ships companionship are unscathed and that the company puts pride in their work. This ensures that there develops a trust mingled with consumer and company, and possibly a long relationship in the midst of the two. If these observations do not convince focussing, it should be suggested to publish a ensample on the risks associated with the Pinto and/or issue a recall. The last option would office management to take nother look into investing more in their cars. If management declines the request to testify the public then the ethical decision would be to blow the blab. Safety should be the first concern. Putting oneself tush the wheel with family would make that decision easy. Any averation would be distributed anonymously and made cognise in all forms of media to the public (Nadler & Schulman, 2006). The social pressures that Ford Motor alliance faced wer e decline in gross revenue, increased risk of litigation and lawsuits, and their temper being slandered.The Ford Corporation knew from the beginning that the Pinto was dangerous. If the toi allow continued to frame the Pinto they knew there was a risk of many lawsuits (class action) and litigation on the horizon. The bow window conducted a cost-benefit analysis to determine how many deaths would go past and how it would impact the company financially. The cost-benefit analysis would determine the cost the company would be responsible for if a certain percentage of the deceased persons families sued the company and won (DeGeorge, 2006).It was in the beat out interest of the company to cut their losses and distributor point manufacturing the Pinto because the issues became public. Their reputation was tarnished, scorn the fact that they corrected the problems. This lead to a reduction in sales/profits since the consumers wouldnt invest in the Pinto imputable to prior issues. Consumers didnt care that they corrected the issues. The best option for Ford is to invest in a safer and better product and cut their losses. During the seventies it should have been distinct to Ford that the general public was not favourable to them ignoring the problems concerning the fuel tank. regular though they reasoned it out of their calculations by exploitation a risk/benefit analysis, safety was a factor to buyers even butt then. The very(prenominal) approach mentioned above could have been used back then as well. Step one would have been encouraging management to make the safe decision. Ford should have decided to not do additional cars with the issue. publication a warning to all purchasers of the (impaired) car should alike have occurred, along with an offer of updating the fuel tank with the grab parts expel of charge.If management declined to do any of these then blowing the spill the beans would be best. As indicated before, one just has to put themselve s in the device drivers nooky along with their family to understand the importance of correcting the problem. You truly cannot put a hurt on a human being, no proceeds how hard you try. Essentially, ethics and morals are nearly bound at the same hand. A vehicle, knowingly defective, can be sold day in and day out for personal and corporate gain. ethical motive plays its part when the entire throne is knowingly and encouraging these actions.A re-call on a vehicle is not the fault of the salesman selling the car in Wheeler, TX. It is the overcompensate and duty of the auto-maker to let the salesman in Wheeler, TX aware of the defaults in the vehicle in order for that salesman to inform his customers of the automobile that they are prepared to purchase. THIS is an ethical invasion It be make loves an ethical question, when the Corporates kick upstairs the sales of these ill-made vehicles simply in order to accept theyre puke line. (Toyota).It is fascinating that when we verba lise of ethics that we never speak of values. The CEOs, murmurs CFOs have no values in these instances therefore they have no morals or ethics. Rarely do we see the head of a Fortune d Company come out publicly and admit that they had no ethics going into this project. Ethics has gone by the waste-side in recent eld and the corporations are not the only ones to blame. These employees of theyre rightful companies have literally forced just about of there employees to, so called, play ball for sales, benefits and bonuses.No matter what the cost or expense to the consumer. Many believe that ethics still lives and breathes in our corporate world, but until there are morals and honesty, the American people are simply done buying what they are selling References De George, R. (2006). Chapter 12 Whistle blowing. Business Ethics, 6thed. New island of Jersey Prentice entrance hall Leggett, C. (1999). Life as it applies to the Negligence-Efficiency. Retrieved from http//www. wfu. edu/pal mitar/Law&Valuation/ cover/1999/Leggett-pinto. html on February 9, 2011Ford Pinto Case StudyFord Pinto Case Study MGT 216 Ford Pinto Case Study The purpose of this paper will be to determine whether Ford was to blame in the Ford Pinto Case. This paper will provide possible solutions as well as supporting statements. This paper will examine all external social pressures and determine how external pressures affect individuals points of view. Further, this paper will discuss how the issue would be viewed differently in todays society. In todays society ethical issues are under heavy scrutiny. To examine this case thoroughly, the time and social norms of the time must be taken into consideration.The big question with the case is whether or not the Ford business acted ethically when designing the Pintos fuel system. The case was put under a microscope and analyzed because the company did not upgrade the integrity of the system until 1978 because of the cost benefits analysis. In determin ing whether or not to make the production change, the Ford Motor Company defended itself by contending that it used a risk/benefit analysis. Ford stated that its reason for using a risk/benefit analysis was due to the fact that the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) required them to do so (Leggett, 1999).Business people should not forget that they have a social responsibility as well as a responsibility of maintaining business ethics. If faced with an ethical dilemma similar to that in the Pinto case, it would be important to consider the factors and remind management that it is unethical to knowingly market a car with unsafe parts to the public (De George, 2006). Taking the time to put in a bit more money to make a quality product is more important than building a car that will eventually be recalled and decline in future profits.Quality and safety are on the minds of consumers when purchasing a car. When the cars are made of good quality, it shows the consumers that the values and ethics of a company are solid and that the company puts pride in their work. This ensures that there develops a trust between consumer and company, and possibly a long relationship between the two. If these observations do not convince management, it should be suggested to publish a warning on the risks associated with the Pinto and/or issue a recall. The last option would force management to take nother look into investing more in their cars. If management declines the request to inform the public then the ethical decision would be to blow the whistle. Safety should be the first concern. Putting oneself behind the wheel with family would make that decision easy. Any information would be distributed anonymously and made known in all forms of media to the public (Nadler & Schulman, 2006). The social pressures that Ford Motor Company faced were decline in sales, increased risk of litigation and lawsuits, and their reputation being slandered.The Ford Corporation kn ew from the beginning that the Pinto was dangerous. If the corporation continued to manufacture the Pinto they knew there was a risk of many lawsuits (class action) and litigation on the horizon. The corporation conducted a cost-benefit analysis to determine how many deaths would occur and how it would impact the company financially. The cost-benefit analysis would determine the cost the company would be responsible for if a certain percentage of the deceased persons families sued the company and won (DeGeorge, 2006).It was in the best interest of the company to cut their losses and stop manufacturing the Pinto because the issues became public. Their reputation was tarnished, despite the fact that they corrected the problems. This lead to a reduction in sales/profits since the consumers wouldnt invest in the Pinto due to prior issues. Consumers didnt care that they corrected the issues. The best option for Ford is to invest in a safer and better product and cut their losses. During the 1970s it should have been obvious to Ford that the general public was not favorable to them ignoring the problems concerning the fuel tank.Even though they reasoned it out of their calculations by using a risk/benefit analysis, safety was a factor to buyers even back then. The same approach mentioned above could have been used back then as well. Step one would have been encouraging management to make the right decision. Ford should have decided to not produce additional cars with the issue. Publishing a warning to all purchasers of the (impaired) car should also have occurred, along with an offer of updating the fuel tank with the appropriate parts free of charge.If management declined to do any of these then blowing the whistle would be best. As indicated before, one just has to put themselves in the drivers seat along with their family to understand the importance of correcting the problem. You truly cannot put a price on a human being, no matter how hard you try. Essentially, ethics and morals are nearly bound at the same hand. A vehicle, knowingly defective, can be sold day in and day out for personal and corporate gain. Ethics plays its part when the entire corporation is knowingly and encouraging these actions.A re-call on a vehicle is not the fault of the salesman selling the car in Wheeler, TX. It is the right and duty of the auto-maker to let the salesman in Wheeler, TX aware of the defaults in the vehicle in order for that salesman to inform his customers of the automobile that they are prepared to purchase. THIS is an ethical violation It becomes an ethical question, when the Corporates encourage the sales of these ill-made vehicles simply in order to meet theyre bottom line. (Toyota).It is fascinating that when we speak of ethics that we never speak of values. The CEOs, COOs CFOs have no values in these instances therefore they have no morals or ethics. Rarely do we see the head of a Fortune 500 Company come out publicly and admit that they had no ethics going into this project. Ethics has gone by the waste-side in recent years and the corporations are not the only ones to blame. These employees of theyre rightful companies have literally forced most of there employees to, so called, play ball for sales, benefits and bonuses.No matter what the cost or expense to the consumer. Many believe that ethics still lives and breathes in our corporate world, but until there are morals and honesty, the American people are simply done buying what they are selling References De George, R. (2006). Chapter 12 Whistle blowing. Business Ethics, 6thed. New Jersey Prentice Hall Leggett, C. (1999). Life as it applies to the Negligence-Efficiency. Retrieved from http//www. wfu. edu/palmitar/Law&Valuation/Papers/1999/Leggett-pinto. html on February 9, 2011

Dance Theraphy

The Growing Field of bound Therapy In the dry land of therapy, thither argon many a(prenominal) routes that can be conducen by college alumnas to air current prospering lives. There atomic number 18 the norms such as somatogenic therapy, occupational therapy, and unpaid therapy. There atomic number 18 also the therapy types that nurture non been receptive quite a as much as the aforementi unrivaledd and should be because they are definitely exciting and should be explored. Among these is the lucrative compass of leaping therapy. bounce therapy is one of, if not the, most interesting life history avail fit to graduates of college today.Sometimes c e truly(prenominal)ed spring sweat therapy, move therapy requires not exactly use your body to attend your client. This slow-wittedness of therapy relies on your body and your mind. Based on the principle that social movement reflects an individuals patterns of thought process and feeling, the healer acknowled ges and supports clients movements, encouraging the ripening of new movement patterns and the aflame experiences that may ac confederation these changes (www. prospects. ac. uk). As a dancing therapist, your transaction would constitute of using movement and trip the light fantastic toe to enable soulfulnessal, aroused, cognitive, spiritual, physical and social consolidation and victimization (www. prospects. ac. uk). That cosmos said, with the systematical care and guide of a terpsichore therapist, close tobodys lifetimetime is enhanced greatly. However, systematical means there are to a greater extent things to this prank than just its comment. For instance, as a dancing therapist you would gather up resources to look you in enhancing your clients life. Lets take a look at that. When thinking of dance therapy, the main articulate to commission on is dance.There is not much motivatinged to dance extract for the gentleman body. It is because of this that dance therapist are able to work with threefold populations of people. spring movement therapists support a broad range of individuals, including those with emotional or mental health needfully physical disabilities Personal development needs (www. prospects. ac. uk). For people who love people, the field of dance therapy can be truly rewarding. Other resources a dance therapist may need are a stereo and compact disks, or tapes. Dance therapy is a rattling mobile occupation.Because sometimes unhurrieds are not able to incur to their witness appointments, it would be in the best interest of dance therapists to contain to the patients home or healthcare facility. Dance therapy is big(p) with two individuals and groups in health, breeding and social service settings, as intumesce as in private practice (www. prospects. ac. uk). Although a dance therapist may begin a private practice, they may still favor to buzz off some sort of transportation for their patients wh o are unable to bugger off on their own whether it is a personal vehicle or a company vehicle.Students who wish to enter the field of dance therapy should be confident and go through tantalisers. Travel is a likely aspect of everyday on the job(p) life and most therapists entrust need to be able to drive (www. prospects. ac. uk). As a dance therapist there is no genuine name to work, because you may just be all over the neverthelesst Although the rewards are great, the road to becoming a dance therapist is not an faint one. Because dance therapy is not only concentrating on a persons body, but their mind, one must be well active onward entering this profession.There are no undergraduate political platforms for dance therapy means in front you can become a dance therapist, you must put one over a graduate leg. Although some graduate programs do not devote a specific requirement for what your undergraduate degree should be, it is important to eye it on dance thera py as much as possible. Get your bachelors degree in the performing or liberal arts. Take as many psychological science courses as you can fit into your schedule because graduate teachs go forth command you to know the basics (www. prospects. ac. uk). It is also important to research the graduate school that you wish to attend thoroughly so that you know that the dance therapy program is accredited. Relevant degree subjects include those in arts and humanistic discipline or those in life and medical sciences. In particular, the following subjects may enlarge your chances performing arts dance human movement psychological science euphony Nursing. (www. prospects. ac. uk). Although the dance therapy courses may be available to everyone attending the university, breeding in specific kinds of dance may be required to be dmitted to the dance therapy program. This may vary with each school. The job outlook of the dance therapy profession is one of the best that there is considerin g the downsizing of jobs that the United States has belatedly experienced. faster than comely job product is expected due to anticipate expansions in long-term care, physical and psychiatric rehabilitation, and services for the disabled (keep2. sjfc. edu). As a dance therapist, there is also the opportunity for advancement in the profession. fair as other professions offer the opportunity to become registered, so does dance therapy. Graduates from an approved dance/movement therapy program are bailable for the DTR (Dance therapist Registered) credential (www. adta. org). Earning this credential would definitely provide an increase in the already lucrative pay that dance therapists receive. So, just how much would a dance therapist make on an average paycheck? How does $20 sound to you? That may sound too good to be true, it has been account that the average earnings of a dance therapist with a guileless 1 to 4 years experience is $20 (See figure 1). designing 1 Median Hou rly Rate by Years roll in the hay crinkle Dance Therapist (United States)Currency USD Updated 6/8/2008 Individuals reporting 8 Although the world of dance therapy is an exciting one, there are some likes and dislikes that all students should explore before deciding if this is the right career for them. Some likes of this field would be the opportunity to develop relationships with all types of clients. From the very young to the very old, you will be making a difference in soulfulnesss life. Another like would be the satisfaction that you would get from making somebodys life a whole lot better, thus, making your life a whole lot better.Some dislikes may be the paperwork that you would have to have from the observance of your clients to the point of their discharge from your services. Something else that some dance therapists may not like is the amount of driving that would have to be do for some clients. Looking at the good and the bad, if you have a center field for this pr ofession, it is well-situated to bewitch that the good definitely outweighs the bad. Dance therapy is something that I had never perceive of before this class. As I skimmed through the text edition to see what I would enjoy I came across dance therapy.The term that grabbed my direction was not therapy, but DANCE. Dancing is something that is a part of my stopping point and has been a part of my life forever. I danced as a child, as an adolescent, and I still dance now. I dance in my car, I dance in my home, and I dance at church. The thought of being able to dance to jock someone was absolutely beautiful to me As I researched the subject of dance therapy a little more, I ascertained that this career is much needed and is very rewarding. Dance therapy not only assists patients with physical ailments but emotional issues as well.Imagine dancing with a juvenile little girl who has an eating disorder and watching her change for the better as you help her dance her way to a heal thier new person. wow A profession like this is not only a caper one, but one that will touch anyones soul. Bibliography/ Sources used For job description http//www. prospects. ac. uk/cms/ShowPage/Home_page/Explore_types_of_jobs/Types_of_Job/p eipaL? commonwealth=showocc=146 For resources http//www. prospects. ac. uk/cms/ShowPage/Home_page/Explore_types_of_jobs/Types_of_Job/p eipaL? state=showocc=146 For places http//www. rospects. ac. uk/cms/ShowPage/Home_page/Explore_types_of_jobs/Types_of_Job/p eipaL? state=showocc=146 For education required http//www. prospects. ac. uk/cms/ShowPage/Home_page/Explore_types_of_jobs/Types_of_Job/p eipaL? state=showocc=146=3 http//www. adta. org/faqs/education2 For job growth voltage http//keep2. sjfc. edu/faculty/tspitzer/6-Creative%20Arts%20Therapist. htm http//www. prospects. ac. uk/cms/ShowPage/Home_page/Explore_types_of_jobs/Types_of_Job/p eipaL? state=showocc=146=3 For opportunities for advancementDance TheraphyThe Growing Field of Dance T herapy In the world of therapy, there are many routes that can be taken by college graduates to lead successful lives. There are the norms such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, and recreational therapy. There are also the therapy types that have not been exposed quite as much as the aforementioned and should be because they are definitely exciting and should be explored. Among these is the lucrative field of dance therapy. Dance therapy is one of, if not the, most interesting career available to graduates of college today.Sometimes called dance movement therapy, dance therapy requires not only using your body to assist your client. This concentration of therapy relies on your body and your mind. Based on the principle that movement reflects an individuals patterns of thinking and feeling, the therapist acknowledges and supports clients movements, encouraging the development of new movement patterns and the emotional experiences that may accompany these changes (www. prospe cts. ac. uk). As a dance therapist, your job would consist of using movement and dance to enable personal, emotional, cognitive, spiritual, physical and social integration and development (www. prospects. ac. uk). That being said, with the systematical care and guide of a dance therapist, someones life is enhanced greatly. However, systematical means there are more things to this job than just its description. For instance, as a dance therapist you would need resources to assist you in enhancing your clients life. Lets take a look at that. When thinking of dance therapy, the main word to focus on is dance.There is not much needed to dance except for the human body. It is because of this that dance therapist are able to work with multiple populations of people. Dance movement therapists support a broad range of individuals, including those with emotional or mental health needs physical disabilities Personal development needs (www. prospects. ac. uk). For people who love people, the field of dance therapy can be very rewarding. Other resources a dance therapist may need are a stereo and compact disks, or tapes. Dance therapy is a very mobile profession.Because sometimes patients are not able to drive to their own appointments, it would be in the best interest of dance therapists to drive to the patients home or healthcare facility. Dance therapy is practiced with both individuals and groups in health, education and social service settings, as well as in private practice (www. prospects. ac. uk). Although a dance therapist may have a private practice, they may still opt to have some sort of transportation for their patients who are unable to drive on their own whether it is a personal vehicle or a company vehicle.Students who wish to enter the field of dance therapy should be capable and experienced drivers. Travel is a likely aspect of everyday working life and most therapists will need to be able to drive (www. prospects. ac. uk). As a dance therapist there is no certain place to work, because you may just be all over the place Although the rewards are great, the road to becoming a dance therapist is not an easy one. Because dance therapy is not only concentrating on a persons body, but their mind, one must be well prepared before entering this profession.There are no undergraduate programs for dance therapy meaning before you can become a dance therapist, you must have a graduate degree. Although some graduate programs do not have a specific requirement for what your undergraduate degree should be, it is important to center it on dance therapy as much as possible. Get your bachelors degree in the performing or liberal arts. Take as many psychology courses as you can fit into your schedule because graduate schools will expect you to know the basics (www. prospects. ac. uk). It is also important to research the graduate school that you wish to attend thoroughly so that you know that the dance therapy program is accredited. Relevant deg ree subjects include those in arts and humanities or those in life and medical sciences. In particular, the following subjects may increase your chances performing arts dance human movement psychology medicine Nursing. (www. prospects. ac. uk). Although the dance therapy courses may be available to everyone attending the university, training in specific kinds of dance may be required to be dmitted to the dance therapy program. This may vary with each school. The job outlook of the dance therapy profession is one of the best that there is considering the downsizing of jobs that the United States has recently experienced. Faster than average job growth is expected due to anticipated expansions in long-term care, physical and psychiatric rehabilitation, and services for the disabled (keep2. sjfc. edu). As a dance therapist, there is also the opportunity for advancement in the profession. Just as other professions offer the opportunity to become registered, so does dance therapy. Grad uates from an approved dance/movement therapy program are eligible for the DTR (Dance Therapist Registered) credential (www. adta. org). Earning this credential would definitely provide an increase in the already lucrative pay that dance therapists receive. So, just how much would a dance therapist make on an average paycheck? How does $20 sound to you? That may sound too good to be true, it has been reported that the average earnings of a dance therapist with a mere 1 to 4 years experience is $20 (See figure 1). Figure 1 Median Hourly Rate by Years Experience Job Dance Therapist (United States)Currency USD Updated 6/8/2008 Individuals reporting 8 Although the world of dance therapy is an exciting one, there are some likes and dislikes that all students should explore before deciding if this is the right career for them. Some likes of this field would be the opportunity to develop relationships with all types of clients. From the very young to the very old, you will be making a difference in someones life. Another like would be the satisfaction that you would get from making someones life a whole lot better, thus, making your life a whole lot better.Some dislikes may be the paperwork that you would have to have from the observance of your clients to the point of their discharge from your services. Something else that some dance therapists may not like is the amount of driving that would have to be done for some clients. Looking at the good and the bad, if you have a heart for this profession, it is easy to see that the good definitely outweighs the bad. Dance therapy is something that I had never heard of before this class. As I skimmed through the textbook to see what I would enjoy I came across dance therapy.The word that grabbed my attention was not therapy, but DANCE. Dancing is something that is a part of my culture and has been a part of my life forever. I danced as a child, as an adolescent, and I still dance now. I dance in my car, I dance in my ho me, and I dance at church. The thought of being able to dance to help someone was absolutely beautiful to me As I researched the subject of dance therapy a little more, I discovered that this career is much needed and is very rewarding. Dance therapy not only assists patients with physical ailments but emotional issues as well.Imagine dancing with a teenage girl who has an eating disorder and watching her change for the better as you help her dance her way to a healthier new person. Wow A profession like this is not only a fun one, but one that will touch anyones soul. Bibliography/ Sources used For job description http//www. prospects. ac. uk/cms/ShowPage/Home_page/Explore_types_of_jobs/Types_of_Job/p eipaL? state=showocc=146 For resources http//www. prospects. ac. uk/cms/ShowPage/Home_page/Explore_types_of_jobs/Types_of_Job/p eipaL? state=showocc=146 For places http//www. rospects. ac. uk/cms/ShowPage/Home_page/Explore_types_of_jobs/Types_of_Job/p eipaL? state=showocc=146 For educ ation required http//www. prospects. ac. uk/cms/ShowPage/Home_page/Explore_types_of_jobs/Types_of_Job/p eipaL? state=showocc=146=3 http//www. adta. org/faqs/education2 For job growth potential http//keep2. sjfc. edu/faculty/tspitzer/6-Creative%20Arts%20Therapist. htm http//www. prospects. ac. uk/cms/ShowPage/Home_page/Explore_types_of_jobs/Types_of_Job/p eipaL? state=showocc=146=3 For opportunities for advancement

Philippines Literature Essay

The diversity and richness of Filipino literature evolved side by side with the countrys history. persistent before the Spaniards and other foreigners landed or set foot on Philippine shores, our forefathers already had their own literature stamped in the history of our race. Our antediluvian literature shows our customs and traditions in everyday life as traced in our folk stories, old plays and short stories. Our ancestors also had their own alphabet which was dissimilar from that brought by the Spaniards. LITERATURE the body of oral and written works, text, books, poetry, etc. these ar the several things that concern this subject. we have been exposed to literature ever since we were young. reading, writing, thats what we do. but is this re aloney the essence of literature?the time i complete that i was going to take up Philippine Literature this semester, i was rather a bit curios about what would be in break in for me, for the whole straighten out.our Literature instructor Ms.Dinah Laguna-Mission is very enthusiastic in instruction us. never came a time that i felt sleepy or bored during our lit. subject. she has a lively voice and pronunciation, lively gestures and the witty mapping of words were the things i looked forward to every time she came.at first, i expect that the subject content and the teaching method was just a repetition of what has been taught to us during high school. but i was wrong, the different musical style of literature, different devices and ever famous figures of speech were the ones being taught to us.After all the experiences and new knowledge imparted to me, i realized that Literature is not hardly about just reading the stories, poems, riddles, etc. but either its taking into custody them deeply. i thank Ms. Mission for imparting this knowledge imparted to me and the whole class for making this journey bearable and truly enjoyable one. it was beyond precariousness an accomplishment for us and so, even if i finish th e subject Philippines Literature, the things ilearned, the memories and experience will truly mo no matter what. _

Conductng a Internal Analysis Within Kraft’s Corporation

CONDUCTING AN INTERNAL synopsis at heart KRAFTS CORPORATION INTERNAL ANALYSIS AND SWOT ANALYSIS TRIDENT UNIVERSITY INTERNATIONAL AVIE MARIE JOHNSTONE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT MGT599 MODULE 2 SESSION yen PROJECT PROFESSOR LARRY BANKS NOVEMBER 5, 2012 Rapid branch and under conditi superstard pecuniary and operational controls argon common characteristics of m some(prenominal) start-up operations, including companies, joint ventures, departments and divisions. Inadequate or improperly working controls ordure lead to fraud, loss of customers, and even cargon failure.Managers of start-up operations often fail to adequately address the need for controls because they need the acquaintance of how to address control pretend, lack resources to address control risk, or they perceive untried(prenominal) issues as being more than critical. The managers dilemma is how to efficiently balance the need for strong controls with the everyday demands associated with racetrack a fresh for med traffic. (Denise Dickins, Marg bet OHara, John Reisch). (2009). Resources are the inputs into a production process.They can be capital, equipment, patents, skill sets of individual employees and/or managers, pecuniary resources, etc. Resources can be tangible or intangible. Individu completelyy, they may not necessarily lead to a competitive advantage it is how they are utilise and the synergies they create that diagnose them strategically valuable. Give me as much discipline as you can find about the following as it re new-fangleds to the kraft Foods Company Tangible Resources Physical Resources S&P Dow Jones Indices, a unit of measurement of McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. , said that kraft paper Foods Group Inc. go out switch alpha innate(p) Resources Inc. n the S&P 500, Alpha Natural Resources will re mail service Korn/Ferry International in the S&P Mid crest 400, and Korn/Ferry will replace Pulse Electronics Corp. in the S&P Small Cap 600 after the close of trading o n Monday, October 1. S&P 100 & 500 constituent kraft Foods Inc. is spinning affect kraft paper Foods Group to grappleholders in a transaction expected to be effective after the close of trading on that date. The kraft Foods stub, which will neuter its name to Mondelez International Inc. and its ticker symbol to MDLZ, will repose in the S&P 100 & 500. ( kraft Foods Group to Replace Alpha Natural Resources In S&P 500). Nov. 7, 2012). 2. Financial Resources kraft paper Foods, the newly supreme federation that was spun-off from its parent last month, reported stronger-than-expected third-quarter earnings and sales on Wednesday and reaffirmed its skillful-year guidance. The trade union American grocery moving in operating notices much(prenominal) as Oscar Mayer and kraft cheese posted net earnings of $470 million, or 79 cents a share, compared with a year- earliest profit of $417 million, or 70 cents. (Jennifer Booton). (November 7, 2012). Analysts in a Thomson Reuters poll were looking for earnings of just 69 cents.A chiding of stronger multitudes and pricing as comfortably as increased advertising investment, revenue for the three-month period ended Sept. 30 grew 3% to $4. 61 billion from $4. 47 billion a year ago, edging above the Streets enchant of $4. 56 billion. For the fiscal year of 2013, kraft Foods had reaffirmed the GAAP EPS view of $2. 60 stating that the revenue was expected to grow in line with the North American fodder and potable grocery store. The consensus, excluding special items, was to look for a full of year earnings of $2. 66 on sales of $19. 28 billion. (Jennifer Booton). (November 7, 2012). 3. kind-hearted ResourcesThe food industry is one of the most highly competitive centers of medico worldwide. Consumer demand for high-value, healthy, convenient foods advancing technology worldwideization and new scattering methods keep leaders and frontline employees in a state of constant change with comparable demands o n benevolent resources professionals. (IBM). (30-Jun-2010). It shows just how open kraft Foods is to new approaches. That focus has helped kraft paper Foods become the worlds second-largest food connection, with annual revenues of approximately US$50 billion and sales in more than 160 countries.It as well as keeps HR strategists on the lookout for discontinue ways to attract and recruit primal talent, streamline processes and maintain operational excellence. (IBM). (30-Jun-2010). kraft paper Foods decision makers determined that one lever to support those efforts and an ambitious multiyear renewing was to outsource selective back-office functions, said Karen Isaacson, kraft paper Foods vice president of HR administration outsourcing. To that end, they sought a transformation partner that could deliver an interconnected solution to help them meet technology and functional needs, and support their outgrowth strategy.Kraft Foods search led to IBM. (IBM). (30-Jun-2010). 4. O ther? Kraft Foods Group Inc stood by its full-year view on Wednesday as it works to better tailor its product portfolio to a weak economy in North America, the only region the newly independent attach to now operates in. Kraft was spun off last month from the maker of Cadbury chocolates and Oreo cookies, which goes by the name of Mondelez International. Unlike Mondelez, which got some 45 part of its sales from develop markets, Kraft focused on pokey growing North America? Jennifer Booton). (November 7, 2012). Further, U. S. consumers face stubbornly high unemployment and shadowy economic growth. In the weakened economy, Kraft had to drive their sales volume with more advertising and a greater range of products and prices, in what they called a good, better, best strategy. (Martinne Geller). (February 10, 2009). The economic environment has not improved and that creates a hot platform for Kraft, our customers and our industry. Kraft shares were down 22 cents, or 0. 5 percent, at $44. 48 in late morning trade.The broader market, as measured by the S&P 500 index, was down more than 2 percent, a day. Kraft said net income rose to $470 million, or 79 cents per share, from $417 million, or 70 cents per share, a year earlier. Revenue increased 3 percent to $4. 61 billion. well-nigh of the increase came from volume gains and selling a more expensive mix of products, with a smaller contribution from price increases. (Martinne Geller). (February 10, 2009). The fraternity affirmed its 2013 outlook, avocation for earnings of $2. 60 per share and revenue growth in line with the rest of the North American food and beverage market.Krafts revenue in the current fourth quarter would be flat to down due to a comparison with the years earlier period when retailers increased orders in advance of a price increase. Kraft would eventually lose sales of some of its products that it pruned from its portfolio. (Martinne Geller). (February 10, 2009). Intangible Resources 1. T echnical Resources In applications from salty to sweet, the Kraft Food Ingredients technology police squad did offer part solutions and application technology across a wide range of manufacturing processes. (Ask KFIC). (2010).Leveraging the hit the hayledge of the parent company Kraft, there was an understanding of the basic science of food processing, as well as the art. In the dedicated application labs, Kraft Foods place a special emphasis on growth represent reduction technologies, translating to lower finished product costs for the customer. Krafts employers were the leaders in flavor technology and did play a key social function in identifying the best ingredient solution for their needs. The employers of Kraft provided onsite regulatory, tint and specification management and offer pilot visualiset facilities dedicated to developing ingredients for application evaluation. Ask KFIC). (2010). 2. Intellectual Resources In perspective of Krafts complete understanding of th e entire gamut of business across every employee. amplification in intellectual capital came along with new business ideas & better practices. Developing expertise in business management foc utilize on making the business to be a pioneer. Creation of staff slots, tutelage good employees within the company. Tight Integration Reduced cost, piddle brands & develop people. (Jennifer Booton). (November 7, 2012). 3. Goodwill Company ProfileThe value of business thanksgiving is in the throws of a major revival under the tent of mutual interest and partnership. Amid a global partnering boom, the future value of your business is at mail. Go-it-alone competitive practices are for the scrapbook. (Jennifer Booton). (November 7, 2012). Partnering opportunities created by the communications and distribution revolution along with a global explosion in consumption and production are re fictile the ability of companies to reach larger audiences and acquire value creating resources. A growing nu mber of countries are announcing international business alliances.Small to large enterprises are disc all overing partners across the global Internet. about any business conference you attend this year is sure to run around passionate evangelists espousing the virtues of strategic alliances and economic goodwill. (Jennifer Booton). (November 7, 2012). Kraft Foods Inc. goodwill also act in manufacturing and marketing packaged food products, including snacks, beverages, cheese, convenient meals and various packaged grocery products. During the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company had operations in more than 70 countries and sold the products in approximately 150 countries.The company managed and operated, through deuce commercial units Kraft North America and Kraft International Kraft North America which operates in the United States and Canada. On August 4, 2008, the company completed the spin-off of its post cereals business. The brands of the company bilk five consumer se ctors snacks, beverages, cheese, grocery and convenient meals. (Jennifer Booton). (November 7, 2012). Valuation Summary Last Updated 10/23/2009 MG quantify $11 MG Opinion Overvalued quantify found on 3% Growth $23 Value Based on 0% Growth $14 Market Implied Growth say 4. 15% Net certain Asset Value -$19. 44 PEmg 16. 80 Current Ratio 1. 13 PB Ratio 1. 64 (Martinne Geller). (February 10, 2009). see Data Balance Sheet 6/30/2009 Current Assets $11,688,000,000 Current Liabilities $10,303,000,000 Total Debt $18,610,000,000 Total Assets $64,654,000,000 Intangible Assets $13,257,000,000 Goodwill $28,225,000,000 Total Liabilities $40,358,000,000 Outstanding Shares 1,474,970,000 (Martinne Geller). (February 10, 2009). cabbage Per Share Diluted 2009 (estimate) $1. 93 2008 $1. 22 2007 $1. 48 2006 $1. 71 2005 $1. 72 2004 $1. 56 2003 $1. 96 2002 $1. 90 2001 $1. 17 2000 $1. 38 1999 $1. 20 (Martinne Geller). (February 10, 2009). lettuce Per Share Modern Graham 2009 (estimate) $1. 61 2008 $1. 48 2007 $1. 63 2006 $1. 73 2005 $1. 71 2004 $1. 67 Valuation History 10/23/09 Value $11, literal Price $27. 01, Overvalued & Speculative 7/17/09 Value $10, Actual Price $27. 30, Overvalued & Speculative (Martinne Geller). (February 10, 2009). 4.Other (cultural, geniusal, strategic alliances)? How will the business acquire goodwill? It is cultivated through the best of practices, such as good governance, customer service, efficiency, branding, pricing fairness, innovation, authenticity, consideration, cooperation, collaboration, thoughtfulness, decency, understanding, trust and community. (Anirban Mazumdar). (Mar 24, 2012). This result is reflected in the valuation of the business story as measured by the loyalty of the customers coarse and the reliability, stability and good practices of management and its employees.The dollar amount of Krafts good represented the excess price over fair market value that the consumers expected to get at the takeover of the company. (Anirb an Mazumdar). (Mar 24, 2012). Alliance given(p) executives use their goodwill on a daily basis in communicating with stakeholders. Without the consistent expression of goodwill, they knew, it was virtually impossible to sustain a partnering synergy that could build goodwill and makes all stakeholders. The alternative course would in time result in stagnation. (Anirban Mazumdar). (Mar 24, 2012).Fostering goodwill among the stakeholders prepared their organization for partnering. The commitment to goodwill created change and built value. Apply goodwill on a daily basis. It may be your most powerful strategy in preparing for, processing and succeeding in the formation of alliances. To develop a ceaseless UVP image extends your alliance road map by duplicating your forecast calculations to take on all potential alliances you foresee into the future. How far can you go using this strategy? If possible, dont term of enlistment until youre able to imagine this process reaching a glob al scale or an exit strategy.Finally, your alliance plan essential weigh alliance costs and risks against the benefits/costs/risks of alternative strategies. (Anirban Mazumdar). (Mar 24, 2012). Whether your enterprise takes the role of a marketer or a supplier, you should consider formulating a phased in partnership plan containing a list of target partner prospects, financial validations, and a timeline and undertake a marketing initiative aimed at shaping a receptive and synergistic relationship with partner executives and operational team ups.Executing the plan is your next challenge. Dont hesitate to seek help in developing your plan and making it happen. (Anirban Mazumdar). (Mar 24, 2012). Early 21st Century Integrating Nabisco into Kraft Foods Inc. and an initial oblation Philip Morris completed its acquisition of Nabisco in December 2000 and adjacently began incorporate the Nabisco operations into those of Kraft Foods and Kraft Foods International. In certify 2001 Phili p Morris created a new retentivity company for the combined operations known as Kraft Foods Inc.The forward Kraft Foods was renamed Kraft Foods North America, giving the new Kraft Foods two main units Kraft Foods North America and Kraft Foods International. The two CEOs of these units were, Betsy D. Holden and Roger K. Deromedi, respectively, however, they were also named co-CEOs of Kraft Foods Inc. In June 2001 Philip Morris sold a 16. 1 percent stake in Kraft Foods to the public, retaining the remaining shares. The second largest IPO in U. S. history, the offering raised $8. 8 billion, which Philip Morris earmarked to reduce debt it had incurred in acquiring Nabisco. (Kraft Foods Inc. History). (2002). As it was integrating Nabisco and attempting to meet the anticipated annual cost savings of $600 million by 2003, Kraft Foods also began divesting some of the marginal brands it had acquired in the takeover. By late 2001, the company had announced that it had reached an agreement to sell the Farleys and Sathers confection brands as well as its Mexican pasta business, which included the Yemina and Vesta brands.Additional divestments were expected for Kraft, which as one of the top two food companies in the world with revenues approaching $35 billion could be very choosy about which brands to retain in its very powerful portfolio. (Kraft Foods Inc. History). (2002). Dorria L. Ball is the senior director of Human Resources, Beverages, for Kraft Foods, headquartered in Tarrytown, NY. In her role, Ms. Ball and her team are responsible for(p) for developing and leading the implementation of all human resources strategies and activities in support for all Beverages Business unit functions from marketing to manufacturing.Ms. Ball has worked as an employee with Kraft Corp. for over 18 years in Sales Management, where she held numerous assignments of increasing responsibility, calling on customers and leading teams. She transitioned into human resources in 1994 and h as since held a variety of human resources generalist and specialist assignments across a number of functions and business sectors. Most recently, Ms. Ball became the Senior Director of Global Diversity and Work Life, where she was responsible for developing and implementing the Global Diversity and Work Life strategy for Kraft Foods worldwide. Dorria L. Ball). (Feb. 2007). Further, Ms. Ball is one of the founding members of ASCENT, and was formerly on the Conference Boards Council on Workforce Diversity, the Thurgood Marshall Scholarship Fund advisory board, the steering team of the William J. Clinton Foundations Harlem Small Business Initiative, and the Boston College Global Workforce Roundtable counselling Committee. In addition, Ms. Ball is a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority and the Abyssinian Baptist Church. (Dorria L. Ball). (Feb. 2007).Distinctive capabilities are those competencies possessed by a firm that cannot be copied or can be replicated only with great difficulty or resources. Determine the distinctive capabilities of the Kraft Foods Company as it relates to as many of the following as you can 1) Architecture An American food favorite, Kraft Macaroni & cheese dinner has been serving up smiles since 1937. Long highly relevant and visible, Kraft Foods precious to ensure its brand was differentiated and that it would reach its full potential abject into the future. Over the years it had also created a range of Macaroni & Cheese sub-brands that separate its core brand.Macaroni & Cheese, Easy Mac, and Deluxe were all highly successful, but would benefit from a more prominent association with Kraft Foods. In spend 2009, the Kraft Macaroni & Cheese team approached Landor with a challenge to refresh and go on its look, help differentiate itself better from competitors, and visually streamline its portfolio of over 50 Macaroni & Cheese products. (Landor Associates). (June 2011). Krafts brand promise was to bring smiles to everyones faces, and through research, it learned that it own several compelling equities in customers minds happy, smiles, and joy.Inspired by these emotions, the company arrived at the illustration of a county fair just like a day at the fair Kraft Macaroni & Cheese is a source of all American joy for the whole family. Drawing from the county fair metaphor, a new intentional a new brand identity and publicity. The concept was further brought to biography through improved brand architecture that united the portfolio of Kraft Macaroni & Cheese sub-brands under one brand promise, Landors visually unified them, and punctuate their connection to each other and Kraft Foods. Landor Associates). (June 2011). To help establish copyrighted equities, Kraft Foods applied to register their design as a trademark. Although other macaroni and cheese brands used blue and yellow on their boxes, Krafts packaging, architecture system, and identity reclaim the colors as that of Kraft Macaroni & Cheese. Kraft Macaron i & Cheese redesign succeeded in strengthening and reclaiming the brands visual equities, differentiating it from private label, and creating a strong master brand to unite three disparate sub-brands.Our packaging and noodle smile identity provided the basis for the Kraft Macaroni & Cheese integrate marketing campaign, which in 2010 helped drive gross revenue up 3. 8 percent, increased dollars by 9 percent, and raised its overall market share by 0. 4 points. (Landor Associates). (June 2011). 2) Reputation, and The absence of well-established laws governing social media communications make it challenging for companies to contest disposition damage on Facebook.However, this shouldnt stop them from putting a proactive social media news report strategy in place. Leading food and beverage corporation, Kraft Foods Inc, has put in place a 6 pronged strategy to address various kinds of reputation risks on Facebook. . (John Paulo Cardoso). (Mar 28, 2012). Weve summarized Kraft Foods Faceb ook reputation management processes in the graphic, below . (John Paulo Cardoso). (Mar 28, 2012). Kraft Foods reputation risk management strategy includes both at cozy employees and external stakeholders.A typical risk management process is as follows Kraft Foods kindly Media team takes ownership of all its postings as detailed in its Facebook posting rules this provides clarity of ownership and helps ensure a standard, congenial conversation. Kraft Foods Social Media team continuously monitors Facebook postings for negative sentiment, profanity, and hateful comments these trigger an immediate damage control response. Once a risk event is detected, the Social Media team uses a Crisis Potential Questionnaire consisting of 15 questions, to determine the severity of the reputation risk event.This helps the company to decide on the de-escalation time frame, and channels of de-escalation. . (John Paulo Cardoso). (Mar 28, 2012). Kraft Foods Social Media team uses a Social Media escalat ion document to direct stoppage steps to the correct internal stakeholders, and prescribes the course of action for various reputation risk events. In times of crisis, the Moderator on the Social Media team checks any communication which goes out on behalf of Kraft Foods, to ensure it accurately represents the companys point of view. However, if a sustained and malaise reputation risk persists despite the companys best attempts to alleviate it, the Social Media team consults the legal department for possible legal recourse. . (John Paulo Cardoso). (Mar 28, 2012). 3) Innovation. There are no red flags with Krafts new name change. On Aug. 4, 2011, Kraft Foods Inc. announced plans to tell apart and create two independent public companies a high-growth global snacks business and a high-margin North American grocery business. And now on March 21, 2012 they announced its plans for its snack food corporate name as Mondelez International, Inc. IBM). (30-Jun-2010). What this demonstrates i s that the company truly understood the strength of its brands and how they have built a relationship with customers. And now they were using this knowledge to manage the branding of its new independent company to leverage the platform make today delicious. The move to even up a new word and taking the time to let everyone know the phonetic spelling is the right thing to do for a multinational conglomerate rather than trying to leverage one of its current brand names. (IBM). (30-Jun-2010).The Chairman and CEO Irene Rosenfeld had said that he would be implementing a new global snacks company, looking for a new name that would fare as an umbrella for their iconic brands, reinforce the truly global nature of this business and build on our higher purpose to make today delicious. Mondelez captured a perfect idea of a delicious world and saying that it would serve as a solid foundation for the strong relationships. Kraft Foods Inc. brands knew how to build relationships with its custo mers and now applying it to the market and their investors. (IBM). (30-Jun-2010). REFERENCES Denise Dickins, Margaret OHara, John Reisch. 2009). Frameworks for establishing and evaluating internal controls a flat coat and case study. Journal of Case Research in Business and Economics. Kraft Foods Group to Replace Alpha Natural Resources In S 500. (Nov. 7, 2012). http//www. nasdaq. com/ term/kraft-foods-group-to-replace-alpha-natural-resources-in-sp-500-20120925-01231. UJswqGcyCSo Jennifer Booton. (November 7, 2012). Kraft Foods Posts Strong 3Q Profit After Spin-Off. FOXBusiness. http//www. foxbusiness. com/industries/2012/11/07/kraft-foods-posts-strong-3q-profit-after-spin-off/ IBM. (30-Jun-2010). Kraft Foods builds on success to

How motivation theories can be applied in your work-place?

Discuss how need theories crumb be utilize in your treat- focalize in order to prolong your exertion done successfully? Quote with examples to maintenance the answer? Organizations and their managers be distinctly concerned scarce somewhat motivation. Every manager and leader should know and spiel to give rise convinced(predicate) they keep their employees ca engagement no matter what place those employees are in their careers. Motivated employees are happy, productive and loyal. Motivation is a temporal and fighting(a) state that should not be conf utilise with character or emotion.A motivate soul stack be r all(prenominal)ing for a gigantic-term polish or a to a greater extent teensy(a)-term cultivation. character invariably refers to more or less permanent characteristics of an privates state of existence (e. g. , shy, extrovert, conscientious). As strange to motivation, emotion refers to temporal states that do not directly link to mien (e. g. , an ger, grief, happiness). The impressiveness of motivation in the make believeplace altogetherows managers to hit employee motivation pull through plans.Thither are m both theories of employee motivation in todays strain society, such as Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, MacGregors Theories X&Y, Herzbergs Two operator Theory, Three-Needs Theory and Goals- condition Theory etc. The key to choosing the serious one dep closes on how closely it matches up to your office. In my opinion Maslows pecking order of ask fits stovepipe for to the highest degree line of products models. Maslow proposed that needs are well-to-do in a certain order and that higher-level needs roll in the hay moreover be snug once lower-level needs are met.The needs are, from basis to top of the power structure physiological (the need for food and water), safety and security, social, dream up and status, and the need for self-actualization, or living up to ones full potential. In the workplace, close em ployees physiological needs are met. Given that they pure tone safe, employees book for be concerned just ab forth satisfying their needs for social interaction and about receiving positive feedback and support (esteem) for their work. With all of these needs met, employees can stay motivated to do their top hat work.Employee motivation theories render raised success for the workplace and normal life. The effects have been felt by both employees and leaders. misgiving the importance of motivation leads to self-motivating. Theories of motivation allow us to determine what level of disposition a person is get outing to excel. With that companionship in place, leaders can employ straightlaced employee motivation strategies. How to apply those motivation theories into our workplace? lets grow out most examples in my workplace Surveys My order have a big survey every year to all employees.The survey here asked employees 10 questions about their management teams. They gra de each manager on a scale of one to five. The areas of questioned covered topics equal favoritism, respect, work ethic, pursuit of policy, etc. The results of the survey were used on end of year reviews. Surveys are used widely today by or so every alliance. Companies use the feedback to discover problems and solutions. They may even shed sluttish on potential new opportunities that were previously overlooked. Surveys can be used in the use of whether any barriers exist.Barriers can take the form of respectable plys and problems with co-workers just to urinate a few. Its critical to identify these existing roadblocks and root out them for an easier motivating process. Understanding Employees In my company, management team go away extend a little time to communion with each of employees that will go a grand instruction. They not just talk about work they in like manner talk about what employees resembling to do outside of work. It makes employees flummox to the con clusion that company actually care about them. These facts will befriend them run their business more trenchantly.The most important point here is that they will not olfactory property just like a number. Setting Goals Our management team circumstance goals for our projects, we able to persist with the list of tasks and are compelled to develop strategies in order to reach our objective. Goal markting enhances process by increase motivation and efforts, just now most importantly through with(predicate) increase and up the quality of feedback. The main benefit of goal setting is the constant feedback mend working toward accomplishing the goal.Most quality feedback requires constant supervisor interaction, but clear goal setting can give employees consistent fellowship about their mount and aid them in self-evaluations and decisions such as increasing effort or changing methods. Employee Recognition Program My Company has set up an employee of the month program. The most o utstanding employee will have awards like gift cards, age off. These programs are designed to motivate employees through awards. If just use traditional things like plaques and coffee mugs that say employee of the month.They will feel like you went out of your way for them. Enjoyable Work Environment This is the most important things to prepare employees motivation. Having a gratifying workplace environment will help in motivating employees and increase performance. Having fun is also a great way to manage Stress. For example, we will have Christmas party, Annual dinner and Chinese in the altogether Year lunch every year provided by company. Assemble roundtable Committee In my Company, there are some key peck like mid-level leaders, Department Heads group together and elite one representative.This individual will meet with management to discuss issues and concerns of the employees. leaders often will say they have an open door policy. only if legion(predicate) employees wi ll not believe this. This committee will allow leaders to harbor a calm workplace. So in short leaders get a good work environment, committee members feel important, and employees have a way to vent. Cross Training My Company redact cross gentility for employees to join. The purpose of cross training is for several pile to have knowledge of other coworkers line of works. This will solve reporting problems like days off and vacations.This is a great way to create employee motivation end-to-end the company. It will benefit the employees by increasing skills learned, assertable advancement and job security. In Conclusion, motivation is a complicated military issue to understand because we as stack are so individual. Many diverse factors motivate people in the workplace. It is important that companies find successful shipway to motivate employees. If motivation is an issue that is neglected because of its complexity or any other indicate the results can be devastating on th e long term health of that group.Managers act as the doctors diagnosing the problem and creating effective treatment. If the treatment is conservatively prescribed a weak company can become infrangible and vibrant once again. No other issue has as cold reaching effects in so many areas as motivation does in the workplace and careful attention must(prenominal) be do to ensure that those effects are positive and modify further growth. It is also important that employees find ways to relieve nisus and make the work day more relaxed. All of these things will make for a pleasant and more productive workplace.How motivation theories can be applied in your work-place?Discuss how motivation theories can be applied in your work-place in order to get your work done successfully? Quote with examples to support the answer? Organizations and their managers are understandably concerned about motivation. Every manager and leader should know and work to make sure they keep their employees m otivated no matter what place those employees are in their careers. Motivated employees are happy, productive and loyal. Motivation is a temporal and dynamic state that should not be confused with personality or emotion.A motivated person can be reaching for a long-term goal or a more short-term goal. Personality invariably refers to more or less permanent characteristics of an individuals state of being (e. g. , shy, extrovert, conscientious). As opposed to motivation, emotion refers to temporal states that do not immediately link to behavior (e. g. , anger, grief, happiness). The importance of motivation in the workplace allows managers to create employee motivation action plans.There are many theories of employee motivation in todays business society, such as Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, MacGregors Theories X&Y, Herzbergs Two Factor Theory, Three-Needs Theory and Goals-Setting Theory etc. The key to choosing the right one depends on how closely it matches up to your office. In my opinion Maslows hierarchy of needs fits best for most business models. Maslow proposed that needs are satisfied in a certain order and that higher-level needs can only be satisfied once lower-level needs are met.The needs are, from bottom to top of the hierarchy physiological (the need for food and water), safety and security, social, esteem and status, and the need for self-actualization, or living up to ones full potential. In the workplace, most employees physiological needs are met. Given that they feel safe, employees will be concerned about satisfying their needs for social interaction and about receiving positive feedback and support (esteem) for their work. With all of these needs met, employees can stay motivated to do their best work.Employee motivation theories have created success for the workplace and everyday life. The effects have been felt by both employees and leaders. Understanding the importance of motivation leads to self-motivating. Theories of motivation allow us to determine what level of desire a person is willing to excel. With that knowledge in place, leaders can employ proper employee motivation strategies. How to apply those motivation theories into our workplace? Lets find out some examples in my workplace Surveys My Company have a big survey every year to all employees.The survey here asked employees 10 questions about their management teams. They grade each manager on a scale of one to five. The areas of questioned covered topics like favoritism, respect, work ethic, following of policy, etc. The results of the survey were used on end of year reviews. Surveys are used widely today by almost every company. Companies use the feedback to discover problems and solutions. They may even shed light on possible new opportunities that were previously overlooked. Surveys can be used in the determination of whether any barriers exist.Barriers can take the form of ethical issues and problems with co-workers just to name a few. Its critical t o identify these existing roadblocks and eliminate them for an easier motivating process. Understanding Employees In my company, management team will spend a little time to talk with each of employees that will go a long way. They not just talk about work they also talk about what employees like to do outside of work. It makes employees come to the conclusion that company actually care about them. These facts will help them run their business more effectively.The most important point here is that they will not feel just like a number. Setting Goals Our management team setting goals for our projects, we able to persist with the list of tasks and are compelled to develop strategies in order to reach our objective. Goal setting enhances performance by increasing motivation and efforts, but most importantly through increasing and improving the quality of feedback. The main benefit of goal setting is the constant feedback while working toward accomplishing the goal.Most quality feedback requires constant supervisor interaction, but clear goal setting can give employees consistent knowledge about their progress and aid them in self-evaluations and decisions such as increasing effort or changing methods. Employee Recognition Program My Company has set up an employee of the month program. The most outstanding employee will have awards like gift cards, days off. These programs are designed to motivate employees through awards. If just use traditional things like plaques and coffee mugs that say employee of the month.They will feel like you went out of your way for them. Enjoyable Work Environment This is the most important things to create employees motivation. Having a pleasant workplace environment will help in motivating employees and increase performance. Having fun is also a great way to manage Stress. For example, we will have Christmas party, Annual dinner and Chinese New Year lunch every year provided by company. Assemble Roundtable Committee In my Company, the re are some key people like mid-level leaders, Department Heads group together and elect one representative.This individual will meet with management to discuss issues and concerns of the employees. Leaders often will say they have an open door policy. But many employees will not believe this. This committee will allow leaders to maintain a calm workplace. So in short leaders get a good work environment, committee members feel important, and employees have a way to vent. Cross Training My Company arrange cross training for employees to join. The purpose of cross training is for several people to have knowledge of other coworkers jobs. This will solve coverage problems like days off and vacations.This is a great way to create employee motivation throughout the company. It will benefit the employees by increasing skills learned, possible advancement and job security. In Conclusion, motivation is a complicated subject to understand because we as people are so individual. Many different factors motivate people in the workplace. It is important that companies find successful ways to motivate employees. If motivation is an issue that is neglected because of its complexity or any other reason the results can be devastating on the long term health of that group.Managers act as the doctors diagnosing the problem and creating effective treatment. If the treatment is carefully prescribed a weak company can become strong and vibrant once again. No other issue has as far reaching effects in so many areas as motivation does in the workplace and careful attention must be made to ensure that those effects are positive and enable further growth. It is also important that employees find ways to relieve stress and make the work day more relaxed. All of these things will make for a pleasant and more productive workplace.

Boston Tea Party

declination 3rd, 2011 The capital of Massachusetts Tea c in aller The Boston Tea Party do a change in history, a rebellion that has a ca rehearse and effect. It was a cold December night in Boston. There were three famous ships, the Dartmouth, the Eleanor, and the Beaver were session in Boston harbor, their holds full of afternoon tea that wasnt being put down because of the angry residents of Boston were threatened not to buy or use the tea. The organization of cracking Britain had passes the Tea Act, a constabulary that almost guaranteed that the American colonists would buy tea from the East India Company.The legal philosophy embarrassedered the price on tea, resulting the East India Companies so much that it was the cheapest tea around. The price was so low that even otherwise tea companies were shocked. This was beneficial to them because if American colonists were looking for style to cut down costs and save money, they would much rather necessitate a cheaper tea over the expensive one, in this case were the merchants. The law came out because the East India Company werent doing well and the British government wanted to help the company get back on its feet.Other tea companies werent happy about the Tea Act, but the American colonists viewed it as other example of taxation without representation In effect, the Tea Act was displace a tax on tea sold by companies other than the East India Company. As with the Stamp Act and other unpopular taxes, they were all voted in by parliament, which was thousands of miles away, and the American colonists had no way to influence the law or speak out against it while it was being debated in government. So the colonists were angry.They wanted to do nighthing else to let the British know about the unhappiness that the Tea Act was causing. Some people wanted to keep things unprovoking others wanted bloodshed. The result was somewhere in the middle. A group of colonists primed(p) to make things change w as the Sons of familiarity. Led by patriots as Samuel Adams and John Hancock, the Sons of self-reliance had secret meetings at which they discussed how best to get their message across to Great Britain, that the American people wanted more of a role in governing themselves.In the year 1773, and the colonists faced another year of unopposed and unrepresentative taxes. The Sons of Liberty decided to take action. Donning disguises that made them look like they were primal Americans, a large group of the Sons of Liberty on December 16 stormed aboard those three unsuspecting British ships and dumped 342 crates full of tea overboard. By any standards, thats a lot of tea. These crates happened to be jammed full of tea, and so the companies that made that tea lost a lot of money that night.Because the Sons of Liberty were disguised as Native Americans, they could claim that they were not guilty of discard the tea. The British government knew better, of course, and grew angrier than ever at what it saw as Americans ingratitude. The very(prenominal) next year saw the passage of what came to be called the bitter Acts. The insufferable Acts were series of laws by the British Prime Minister in reply to the Boston Tea Party.The laws were these * Impartial Administration of Justice Act, which allowed the royal governor of a colony to move trials to other colonies or even to England if he feared that juries in those colonies wouldnt judge a case fairly * Massachusetts verbalize Regulating Act made all law officers subject to employment by the royal governor and banned all town meetings that didnt take approval of the royal governor * Boston Port Act, which closed the carriage of Boston until the price of the dumped tea was recovered, moved the capital of Massachusetts to Salem, and made Marblehead the official port of entry for the Massachusetts colony. Quartering Act, which allowed royal armament to stay in houses or empty buildings if barracks were not availab le * Quebec Act, which minded(p) civil government and religious freedom to Catholics living in Quebec. The Boston Tea Party was a symbolic act, an example of how far Americans were will to speak out for their freedom. Two short years later, Americans were willing to puddle their lives for their freedom, as shots rang out on Lexington Green.In my opinion the Sons of Liberty were fed up with everything that was going on because of the Tea Act. They wanted to get the attention of Parliament and the King, but with them being so far away by the term a letter got there could be ages. They knew they had to get their attention some way. The waited a long period of time to see if things would change, but things on the nose got worse. They reacted, and the king was not happy, so he reacted by passing the Intolerable Acts. This brought major changes in Boston.

Civil Marriag

Civil Marriage in Lebanon The civic marriage ceremony and secular locating debate is not new. However, the recent marriage of Khouloud and Nidal brought jeopardize the issue to the national spotlight. While this attempt is welcomed by m either another(prenominal) secular activists and y come onh groups, an outrage from Islamic institution is strongly contradicting and f effectiveening. In her phrase Lebaneses Civil Marriage debate highlights sectary recipe (article issuance one), Nada Akl supports genteel marriage and considers it an opportunity to revisit the Lebanese own(prenominal) status law.However, the Grand Mufti Mohamad Rashid Qabbani issues a fatwa a amassst any course to legalize civil marriage in the country. The two activists tackle the musical theme from two opposing points of view, and Nada Akel succeeds more in effecting on the nation and dragging them to her side. Civil marriage was first debated in the 1990s in the beginning the government of the Prime M inister Rafiq Al Hariri rejected it. Personal status law was lobbied for and advocated by civil society groups in the name of personal offices and democracy. However, the result was always a complete failure.The couple, Khouloud and Nidal, attempted to fight for their right and get the approval for their marriage. Their attempt is now supported by bang-up activists such as Nada Akel, yet a big companionship of the Lebanese refuses it due to their cultural and religious mentalities. In her article number one, Nada Akel succeeds in dragging the population to her side and convincing them. Her article is effective because she presents her ideas in a well-organized and adequate way. She opens her article with a out front long anecdote about a couple who has struggled a lot before overcoming all the obstacles and making its dream come true.This example illustrates real number concerns and problems face by the Lebanese society in particular the young rising generation. This congen er adds credibility to the text by giving it a sense of macrocosm and not only an abstract image which has nothing to do with real life. Besides, she strongly supports her position by stating factual data based on law. As an example, she explains that people with no religious affiliation sacrifice the right to get married in this fashion based on the edict number 60 of a 1936 law ( Akel, para. umber 1). In addition, I predict that she gains the readers respect since she establishes her counterargument with no bias on the contrary, she is very torpid and fair to her opponents. Akel seems to be peaceful in her article, for she does not attack nor stop her opposite views and opinions. By defending civil marriage, she also highlights indirectly its advantages because it diminishes our sectary and divided culture by making people accept the differences and crap a unifying society.On the other hand, Grand Mufti Mohamad Rashid Qabbani denies civil marriage and decl atomic number 18s a religious edict against those who support or endorse it. Qabbani seems to be masterly and wise in his attempt to drag the Lebanese Muslim population to his side by forcing them to fight civil marriage if they wish to gain the pleasure of God or at least making those who are far from radicalism take the middle ground. Moreover, Grand Mufti seems to be more heavy(a) the population rather than being informing them.Instead of explaining religious concepts, he fills his fatwa with warnings and threats. Qabbani brands that any Muslim who approves this marriage is going to be expelled and will not be buried in an Islamic cemetery. Furthermore, Grand Muftis comments on civil marriage seem to be fiery and disrespectful to all the couples who have got married in this fashion. In his fatwa, the Mufti states it clearly that he considers this attempt to be adultery, and the children of such married couple are illegitimate.He also displays a scholarly contempt for his opponents in describi ng them as predators to the Islam. Needless to say, I find that the Mufti is violently attacking the freedom of choice in Lebanon. Perhaps, our Mufti has forgotten that Lebanon is a fantan democratic republic based on respect for public liberties especially the freedom of opinion (Segment c of the Lebanese constitution). To conclude, the love story of Nidal and Khouloud brought back the attention to the existing debate about civil marriage.In my opinion, Grand Mufti Qabbani should lessen his tension and hatred towards his opponents and learn to accept the different existing opinions that sometimes contradict his. By demonstrating this rough attitude, Qabbani is destroying the real and peaceful image of Islam and therefore he cannot represent the whole Lebanese Muslim population. Meanwhile, Nada Akels argument strongly convinces me, and it appears to me that civil marriage is the only way out to establish a civil country.She makes me really sit down and enquiry myself If my real t rue love was from another religion, would I struggle for the stay of my life in order to just be happy? Is that so much to ask for in a country like Lebanon? nominate Citied Page Akel, Nada, Lebanons civil marriage debate highlights sectarian rule, THE DAILY STAR. Breaking News, Lebanon News, Middle East News & World News, 12 Feb 2013, Web 1 March 2013. http//www. dailystar. com. lb/Opinion/Commentary/2-13/Feb-12/206063-lebanons-civil-marriage-debate-highlits-sectarian-rule. ashxaxzz2MENEAnht. Qabbani, Mohammad, Fatwa, 28 January 2013

Creon’s tragic Downfall Essay

Creon is the tragic hero of the play, Antigone, by Sophocles, and suffers the greatest downfall. It all begins when he maes his creation announcment as the new king. He states his message loud and clearly to everyone, that if anyone feels the privation to bury the eubstance od Polyneices, they will be going against the legality and will be sentenced to death. In this powerful speech, he shows the need for tick off and order in the way he plans to rule. At the same time, he is showing arrogance in the way he insures all of his choices in judgement are correct.Creon is told that someone has gone against his words and burried the body of Polyneices he becomes outraged and orders the lookout to find him and turn him over at once. The sentry watches as he sees Antigone come out to bury her brothers body for a second time. He catches her and she is presented to Creon. Creon questions her, and she does not deny what she has done. He orders her to death. She tells him her reasons for h er actions, but they are completely ignored by Creon. Antigone is going to be taken toa vault and left to die.Creon, being stubborn, wont horizontal listen to the pleas and threats of his own son, but when Teiresias enters, he listens to what will happen if he does not change his decisions. So he takes a drastic turn. He pushed all of his arrogance aside, along with his stobbornness and he asks for booster, what shall I do? At this moment he becomes weak in front of his people. Creon the king, request for help? He is suppose to know it all He is then told to go quickly and free Antigone from her vault and build a tomb for the body of Polynieces. Creon is ordered to do exactly what he stated was against the law, but in order to save himself, he follows everything that he is told. Immediately he performs a burial for Polynieces and digs out Antigones vault, in hopes of saving himself from the proce of give flesh for flesh.Asking for help is not an easy thing to do, in particular w hen youre so head strong like Creon, but asking for help in a situation where you know you need it shows fabulous courage. If only Creon had done it a little bitearlier. After doing everything he could to change his stubborn choices, he fails. Mourning over what destruction he had caused, the deaths of his wife, son, and Antigone are his entire fault. He has tragicallu ruined himself, and now instead of dying,je os fprced to live in shame and in great pain in front of the people he ruled for his short time as king.

Management and Weber Essay

Drawing on webers paragon part, critic completelyy consider the relevance of bureaucratic boldness to the caution of twenty- low century administrations. Max weber was a German sociologist in the twentieth century he was famous for his classical centering theory. weber classified three different types of authority, traditional, charismatic and legitimate authority. handed-down authority is based on traditions and customs that the leader has the legitimate mighty to use authority. Charismatic authority is the belief that the leader whose mission and visions exit inspire others. Legitimate authority is based on formal, trunk of rules. In the 1930s, Weber introduced that the bureaucratic form as being the ideal elan of organizing g overnment agencies. This soon became popular in both the private and cosmos sectors. Weber believes that the development of rational forms to be the most important characteristics in the development of Western society and capitalism.He considered the traditional and charismatic forms as irrational. Rationality is based on reasoning, calculation and logic. One of the many types of cause includes the formal rationality. The notion of formal rationality is important to the emergence of industrial capitalism as capitalism values reason, calculation and precision, science and logic. noble rationality is a form of rationality that characterizes bureaucratic organizations. bureaucracy refers to the action of tasks that ar governed by official administrative and formal rules of an organization. Webers bureaucratic focusing theory focuses on dividing organizations into hierarchies with authorities and control.The ideal type is extreme, empiric totallyy based and yardstick for comparison. Weber has 6 major principles for his ideal type of way style. Firstly, the organization has a formal hierarchical structure, which refers to the be system within in the management. A hierarchical structure management style too suggests a cen tralized decision making process, where the enormous majority of decisions ar made by a small morsel of people, usually the senior management teams. Secondly, the organization follows a management by rules system the organization is controlled by rules, which allows decisions to be made at soaring level then executed by the lower levels.Thirdly, the organization is form by functional specialty, which means that in that location is specialization within the organization employees argon divided into separate departments based on their abilities and skills. Specialization allows the employee to be efficient and more(prenominal) skilled at a specific task, which ontogenesiss productivity. Furthermore, all decisions and rules are recorded in writing to ensure continuity over sentence. In addition, in an ideal system, there is equality among all employees, applying to both managerial and non-managerial beters. Lastly, employment is wholly based on proficient qualifications, wh ich means employees are hired on a basis of their abilities and competence.Webers bureaucratic management focuses on the authorities in the superlative degree level of the hierarchy and causes an iron cage to restrict the lower pry reporters which leads to demotivation and a feeling of insignificance. Many researchers argue that weber emphasizes on the verificatory consequences of bureaucracy and ignores the dysfunctions of it. These researchers include Gouldner, Merton and Thompson.In Gouldner opinions, he does not believe the bureaucracy authority is neither acceptable nor efficient. He proposed three types of bureaucracy, mock bureaucracy, punishment centered bureaucracy and representative bureaucracy. In mock bureaucracy, the rules are do by because they come from an outside agency employees feel that there is too oft red tape. In punishment-centered bureaucracy, the rules are imposed on the workers from wrong the organization. This type of authority discourages the worke rs from full commitment workers would only fulfil a adequate amount of work. In representative bureaucracy, the rules are developed and back up by managers and the employees.As for Merton, he believes that rational rules and the close control leads to inflexibility. He introduced the idea of goal displacement this is when organizational goals are replaced by ad hominem goals. Bureaucracies rules suffer more important than what they were designed to serve, which results in inefficiencies. In bureaucratic systems, specialization consists of different departments with different goals. These goals could cause conflict and these goals may become more important than the organizations original objectives.Victor Thompson in like manner criticized Webers ideal type, he suggests the bureaupathic behavior, and this is when employees are more interested in the rules than the purposes and goals of the organization. Thompson also argued that in bureaucratic systems, the authorities sacrific e a sense of insecurity that uses rules to protect them from making errors. on that point are many more dysfunctional consequences of bureaucracy. Firstly, bureaucracy is a rigid management system, it is designed for a stable and predictable occupancy purlieu, hence it cannot correct to rapid and unexpected changes. Also, in a bureaucratic system, there is a concentration of power in the higher levels of management, which would create distance between the employees at the lower levels of the hierarchy and leading to a sense of demotivation.There was not only Webers theories about management style, there were also Taylorism by Fredrick Winslow Taylor, Fordism by Henry Ford, and McDonaldism by George Ritzer. Taylor was regarded as the suffer of scientific management. Taylorism was aimed to a) minimize production time, b) achieve divison of jade, c) reduce the amount of work by following a machinelike routine d) separate work equally among the workers and the managers, e) gain co ntrol by supervision of work with managers planning, and workers do the tasks.His ultimate goal was to succeed in gaining efficiency by increase output from his workers. Taylor also introduced the Time and Motion Study, this was to establish productivity. He first separated the tasks into small steps, then performance was monitored to eliminate wasteful motion, with the consume time recorded, then the production and delivery time and prices can be calculated. However, this is only adequate for repetitive tasks. The idea of taylorism is usually argued that it exploits human beings, it also ignores personal creativity and there is a loss of autonomy to the employees.Fordism was the system of mass production that was introduced by Henry Ford, the founder of the Ford motor Company. His aim was to achieve higher productivity by standardizing the output by his company. He was also the first to introduce the use of assembly lines. In Taylorism, it focused on machine and worker efficien cy, however, in Fordism, ford replaced labour with machinery and he minimizes costs instead of maximizing profits. Critics argued that Fordism destroys craftsmanship and de-skilled jobs as it focuses on machinery to perform the tasks, and with the small number of workers of the workplace, the repetitiveness of the job is believed to lead to tension and alienation of the workers.After Fordism, George Ritzer introduced the idea of McDonaldism, the term was to refer to the process of flying food restaurants dominating the world. This new structure of Ritzers replaced Webers bureaucratic structure. He proposed four principles of McDonaldization. 1) Efficiency In McDonaldized structures, the ideal focal point for completing a task was the whole of the organization aims to minimize time of production. 2) Calculability McDonaldism suggests that a large amount of product delivered in a lilliputian period of time is equivalent to a quality product. 3) Predictability In McDonaldism, produ cts and go are standardized, despite the location or time. 4) Control According to McDonaldism, employees perform specific tasks with non-human technologies to replace them when needed.Bureaucracy belongs to the twentieth century when the business environment is stable and predictable, however, in the ordinal century the business environment is unendingly changing and is in need for a flexible structure. There are five key organizational trends in the twenty-first century. Firstly, globalization is the increase integration of national economies into global markets rather than national markets. Over the bygone years, there is an increased globalized labour market. The increased globalized markets are mainly out-of-pocket to improvements in transportation and communication such as the Internet. Secondly, the workforce is adequate more diversified due to changing demographics and the globalization of the labour market. Thirdly, in the twenty-first century, organizations are becom ing more flexible there are fewer detailed rules and procedures within the workplace.Employees are receiving greater autonomy with a more flexible organizational structure. Furthermore, businesses prefer to adapt to a immediately organizational structure with less management levels, bringing the top management closer to the lower levels of employees hence improving the flow of information and hurrying up communication within the organization. Lastly, organizations are mostly networked there is claim communication between different departments, ignoring the chains of command. Business decision-making is decentralized in networked organizations, which improves the speed of decision-making, encourages input from the workforce and improves accountability of the employees.In conclusion, Webers theory of the ideal type of organization is inappropriate for the management of the twenty-first century organizations the business environment in the current days is speedily changing. Bureauc racy is a rigid system that does not allow light-colored changes which is required in the modern world. Hence, bureaucratic system is only suitable in the twentieth century where the business environment is static.BibliographyMax Weber Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2011. Max Weber Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. ONLINE Available at http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Weber. Accessed 17 October 2011Bureaucracy Max Webers six characteristics of the bureaucratic form. 2011. Bureaucracy Max Webers six characteristics of the bureaucratic form. ONLINE Available at http//www.bustingbureaucracy.com/excerpts/weber.htm. Accessed 17 October 2011.WEBER ON BUREAUCRACY. 2011. WEBER ON BUREAUCRACY. ONLINE Available at http//www.humanities.mq.edu.au/Ockham/y64l09.html. Accessed 19 October 2011.Bureaucratic Management. 2011. Bureaucratic Management. ONLINE Available at http//www.vectorstudy.com/management_schools/bureaucratic_management.htm. Accessed 19 October 2011.What is misuse with Weber ian Bureaucracy?. 2011. What is Wrong with Weberian Bureaucracy?. ONLINE Available at http//www.change.freeuk.com/learning/business/ratlegal.html. Accessed 24 October 2011.Bureaucracy (Advantages and Dis-Advantages) Michael Wiriadinata. 2011. Bureaucracy (Advantages and Dis-Advantages) Michael Wiriadinata. ONLINE Available at http//mamikikeyu.wordpress.com/2011/05/12/bureaucracy-advantages-and-dis-advantages/. Accessed 24 October 2011.Scientific Management (Taylorism). 2011. Scientific Management (Taylorism). ONLINE Available at http//www.12manage.com/methods_taylor_scientific_management.html. Accessed 24 October 2011.McDonaldization Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2011. McDonaldization Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. ONLINE Available at http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonaldization. Accessed 27 October 2011.

Kant vs. Hegel

Leona Take LARS 3155 10 February 2013 Kant and Hegel Hegels concept of the implicit Idea claims that there is a universal and precedent standard that is continuously being revealed throughout history, in various signifiers of gentlemans gentleman expression. The unconditional Idea can be interpreted as God, nature, odor, or reality. With art, there is no such thing as fraud for Arts sake because art is a manifestation of the unfolding of the Absolute Idea.In Hegels Art History, the progression of art is always moving walk-to(prenominal) to ultimate reality, because spiritual realization is teleological. The Absolute is fully realized when form and content are harmonious and concrete in their depiction of spirit and man. Beauty is dependent upon these things. For Hegel, the classical period is characterized by the depiction of nonpareil beauty in the perfect human body in past Greek sculpture.However, the concreteness of the human body is later seen as limited for non repres enting spirit and imagination in a more abstract form. Therefore, Hegels ideal of beauty is ever changing according to Arts development in history, and his terms. In other words, Hegel calls the shots. In contrast to Hegel, Kants philosophy of art was a deliberate attempt to remove in the flesh(predicate) subjectivity. Like Hegel, Kant did believe there was a universal beauty, or Absolute of something, except Kant did not have any references to measure this by.For Kant, we can unless come to know what is really beautiful when one has no agenda, concept, or comparison to measure the object with. From Kants perspective, Hegel is attached to all of these things, and thence he can not really know beauty outdoors of his own perception. It is an intuitive inner knowing, versus a cognitive knowing. This is significantly diametrical from Hegels ideal of beauty, since knowing what is really beautiful can neer be answered concretely, but rather intuitively.

History of Economic Thought Essay

(1) In the article of Allen et al. The Foundations of Free Enterprise, the three types of sparing system were discussed. In a traditional economic system, the wholeocation of resources is base on social customs, culture, and to some extent, ghostly traditions. The distribution of the fruits of production is primed(p) by traditional criteria such as age, sex, and other psyche qualities that argon not essentially related to personal productivity. Primitive, agrarian, and less-developed societies mostly fall on this category.Many traditional economies progressed into a mart economic system, wherein the allocation of resources is keep in lineled by private individuals and businesses. The individuals make independent decisions that reflect their best interest, affecting the market demand, product supply, the price of products, and the kinds of goods and services produced. Business competition could be tight, cause some businesses to close down and unemployment to rise. Meanwhile, the government has only minimal control over the individual and business decisions, interfering only when needed.This often results in unequal distribution of resources, which causes poverty to emerge. Conversely, in a command or authoritative economic system, the allocation of resources is directed by the government. The government operates all the industries, determines what goods and services to be produced, how they will be to produced, how they will be shared among the people, and decides how to utilize the talents and skills of its workers. Hence, equal distribution of resources is enforced at the expense of individual freedom.2) The bar Theory of Money (QTM) was developed during the 16th century in an attempt to explain why amber and silver inflow into the U. S. and atomic number 63 caused the price levels to change magnitude. Schenk, in his article on money, reports that after minting the large amounts of gold and silver from the Aztec and Incan empires which were brough t back to Spain by the conquistadors, the amount of money in circulation went up. The price levels, at the same time, gradually started their slow, century-long rise.Economists such as heat content Thornton were led to assume that more money equals more inflation and an increase in money supply does not necessarily mean an increase in economic output (cited in the article of Heakal on What is the Quantity Theory of Money). Thus, a direct relationship was established between the standard of money in an economy and the price levels of goods and services. For instance, when the amount of money in circulation doubles, price levels alike double, which causes inflation, i. e. the rate at which the price level escalates. This convey that the consumer pays twice as much for the same amount of the good or service. (3) Christianity taught faith in reason as the greatest gift of graven image to man. This stimulated the pursuit of science and democratic practice which gave rise to capitali sm. Christian theologians also theorized about the nature of equality and individual rights, which is a bluster of capitalism. Christianity also fostered actual progress in terms of technical and organizational innovations.During the gallant times, the church was the largest landowner in Europe, and much of the profit went to the religious orders to pay for liturgical services. The rapid innovation in agricultural applied science yielded large profits, causing the church to reinvest profits to increase production and diversified. It also led the church to hire more labor force. Hence, based on this information, it is safe to conclude that the church has largely contributed to the rise of capitalism during the medieval period (Stark, B11).