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Admin AEL-list tools repair locker APL-equipment fixed to the hull/vessel Mica: * (management information configuration allowances) tailored to a specific individual unit or unit class * Parts of mica: 1. Section a- equipment nomenclature sequence- list of apl/ael-sorted by equipment 2. Section b- hsc description sequence- list of apl/ael-sorted by structure coed 3. Section c- hsc code sequence- list of apl/ael-sorted by HSC 4. Section d-apl/ael number sequence- list of apl/ael-sorted by apl/ael number FED log: * Made up in two files . Interactive query coast guard only uses this one used as information resource 2. Batch file * Wild card is the ability to search characters or numbers * Data view bar provides quick links to different screens in fed log * Icon (magnifingglass)Characteristics data response- provides description information * Icon (man) Management Data response- provides the service/agency CMPLUS: * Supports unit supply mission * Take material from inventory you must do an initial request * Inventory * Initial requests * Initial requests * Orders Receipts * Suppliers allowances * Group inventory OPFAC- identifies each Coast Guard unit Surflog: * Fill out a surlog: 1. Department coed 2. Opfac 3. Cog code 4. Stock number 5. Unit of issue 6. Nomenclature andsupplier 7. Quanitity needed 8. Cost * federal supply system * keep track of how much money you have expended * identify what is ordered and what has been recived * if you are copying information from old surg log confirm info in fedlog. Procurement request- form dot f 4200. 1. 2 cg- commercial suppliers MPC- PMS detail instruction card E. – A-M-3356(A=auxiliary M=monthly 3356=identification number) M-main propulsion machinery A-auxiliary E-electrical R-damage control NEM- m9000. 6 ELC website -submit a change Engineering dept shall maintain single tag-out log Tag out- comdtinst 9077. 1 * Check and audits once every two weeks by cognizant dept * Tag numbers shall start over OCT 1 * Size of t he vessel determines the number of tag-out logs required * Replacing a missing tag- next sequential number on tag out sheet * Check correctly installed visual compare- tag out record sheet and tag audit Recommend change in PMS procedures must: In written form * Given to the PSM coordinator FPD( financial and procurement) provides acquisitions and accounting First quarter- is oct-dec Take material from inventory you must do an initial request TACHOMETER Tachometer- is an instrument that generates, transmits, and indicates info that is converted into a measurement of rotation speed Verify reading against info found on nameplate data 4 types of Tachometer: 1. Chronometric Tachometer, accessible shaft, press and release start button, displays after 5sec 2. Centrifugal tachometer, continuous reading of rpm’s on accessible shaft 3. Resonant tachometer, vibrating, when shaft is not accessible 4. Photo-electric tachometer, battery operated, non-contact(place reflective tape on shaft Calibration done- 12 to 18 months, sticker has last calibration and due date Frequency = number of cycles in a given time F (Hertz) = number of poles X rpm/120 Rpm=120 X f/ no of poles Transducers Pressures Transducers- convert pressure into an electrical output signal that is proportionate to the input pressure. Always obtain permission prior to troubleshooting, isolate from the pressurized system Replace with same type or a higher grade King nutronics- 2250 psi Uses 4-20ma so it travel longer distances Don’t zero and span to compensate reading Easily manipulated Prone to interference Troubleshooting- verify transducer is the problem Resistance Temp Detector RTD (resistance temp detector) temp sensor whose electrical resistance changes linearly with change in temp RTD is connected to wheatherstone bridge Two elements with separate temp gauge 1. Nickel: -40 to 1000 degree for all configurations 2. Platinum: -40 to 1000 degree for thermowell, bare bulb and embedded configuration Two wire sensing element: red and white * needs compensation circuit Three wire sensing elements: 2whites and red* no need compensation Three types of RTD configurations: 1. 5sec. embedded( oil film temp in machinery bearing) 2. 8sec. Thermowell ( high pressure) 3. 15sec. Bare Bulb directly immersed in high pressure gas Thermocouple Thermocouple is device to measure temp as temp changes a electrical potential in MV is generated Used in pyrometer Air temp change in a cold junction will cause erroneous reading Cleaning: approved solvent, checking loose or dirty connection, calibrations UAW tech manual by manufactures Two dissimilar metals that is referred as HOT JUNCTION(thermocouple sensor) Two dissimilar metals become similar is Cold junction (reference junction) Two type of therocouples 1. Type K, chromel(+yellow) Alumel (-Red) 2. Type J, Iron (+white) constantan (-Red) Synchro Two types of damping methods: 1. Electrical 2. Mechanical Highest value of effective voltage induced in one stator coil is 52v Rapid and accurate transmission Electromagnetic induction Two general classifications: 1. Troque -moves light loads like dials 2. Control -heavy loads gun directors Two common synchro rotors or windings: 1. Salient pole rotor 2. Drum or wound rotor Synchro resembles small electrical motor operates like a variable transformer NEVER connect 400hz synchro to 60hz voltage Operating voltage and frequency is mark on name plate Military standard and navy prestandard synchros- 115 vac or 26vac Load dictates the type of synchro and system By reversing s1 and s3 both synchro motors turn the same amount, in opposite directions Change S2 causes 120 degree error – it reverses the direction Oscillation and spinning of the pointer: 1. Stator winding are shorted 2. Defective damper Reversal R1 and R2 180 degree error – rotation remains the same Damping circuit prevents gear train oscillations or spinning Common zeroing methods: 1. AC Voltmeter method( most accurate) 2. Electrical-lock( fastest) Rotor gets voltage by primary winding â€Å"excitation† Stator gets voltage from the Rotor by magnetic coupling GYRO Heading, roll and pitch Transmits info to weapons control, sonar radar, depth control, dead reckoning Gyrocompass has two basic properties: 1. Rigidity in space(rigid, no force) 2. Precession(right angle, applied force) MK27: 1. Consists of master compass, electronic control unit and power converter 2. Seeks true north 3. ECU-operating control->servo Amplifier->alarm Circuitry->power supply->latitude control circuitry 4. S-1 switches- Slew, Start, Run- manual or auto 5. E- core pickoff- generates signal from proportional to gyro from null 6. J3 test points- master compass 7. Full wave bridge rectifier –rectifies AC to DC 8. Choke input filter->creates smooth DC voltage Anemomter Wind direction(HD) and speed(HE) indicator relative to ships heading and speed Wind speed indicator- visual indication of wind speed and direction(single phase 115vac) Voltmeter is used with anemometer Wind speed indicator(HE) transmits signal voltmeter(magneto) Capacitor prevents RF interference or reduces stator currents Set emits RF interference: defective capacitor at rear, replace for magneto Remove 2300 ohm resistor from both sides when using to indicators Salinity Fresh water contaminated excess of 0. 25 grains of sea salt per gallon alarm will go off (audio&visual) After the solenoid is de-energized it must be manually reset Dumper valve solenoid de-energized when impurities reach alarm proportions diverting water overboard Cell test resistor- small portable unit with contact fingers System test & cell inspection-> monthly Inspection- > bi-monthly Thermistor-> temp sensitive resistor which limits current flow across the gap between the plates Salinity Module test/installation-> 23 vac across tp1- tp2 gaps shorted cell/wiring ciruit VLA) Visual Landing Aids Helo deckarea marker- Lighting-Approach aids Wave off lights- cue to pilot landing is unacceptable Wave-off light will not extinguish when wave-off switch is secured command is being sent from remote panel Homing beacon ->white lamp->main mast->flashes 90x per min Lamp circuit- wired: step down transformer(115/32 volts) to variable dimming circuit Line-up- lights-20 lights-white and flash i n sequence- uni or bi-directional VLA power requirements lighting system 120v/60hz WIPER Window wipers- DC voltage, taking 115vac single-phase using full-wave bridge rectifier Oil to external oil cup lubs the brushes Replace every 3000 hours or two times a year Life span is one year Drive mechanism- converts the rotation of the motor to go back and forth Pendulum window wiper-wiper switch to park (to place wiper out of view) Steering To determine rudder rate a HARD-OVER- TO HARD –OVER command is given while ship is moving in max speed. Overtravel-is a steering position on rudder beyond the order angle and remains at that position Overshoot- few degrees beyond the older angle but returns to the order angle Three modes of operation of steering system: 1. Follow up 2. Auto pilot 3. Non follow up Four components: 1. Hydraulic system-hydraulic power units and rudder actuators 2. Emergency equipment 3. Rudder position feedback system 4. Steering controls Control circuit- generates an electrical signal to move the rudder Hydroulic power unit(HPU) ports hydraulic fluid to the actuator Actuator turns hydraulic power into mechanical motion Steering force of water acting on the rudder Solenoid valve- controls hydraulic fluid to the actuators-> to move rudder Uses hydraulics to control rudder because of the high torque –to-weight ratio Maximum error allowed on rudder angle is + or -2 Battery Normal temp-80f degrees Initial: a low-rate charge given to a new battery Normal: Routine charge IAW nameplate data Emergency: a fast or boost charge Equalizing: extended normal charge given at a specific gravity Floating: voltage maintained within the limits of 2. 13 to 2. 17 volts per cell Polarization index test Determines condition of windings through a chart Brushes * Never mix brushes-rapid brushes wear could happen when mismatched * Replace if worn 1/8 inch Seat brushes in brush holder with 80grit sandpaper * Brush holders are the same distance from the commucator- no more then 1/8 no less than 1/16 unless said by manufacturer Air Gaps * distance thousands of inch between stator and rotor * measured with machinist tapered feeler gauge * reading within 10% Bearings * never use a naked flame to heat a shaft bearing or housing * two methods to remove bearings 1. arbor press 2. puller method * three method to install bearing 1. arbor press 2. puller method 3. hammer with an appropriately size tube lubricated and sealed at the factory * antifriction bearings 1. radial 2. angular contact 3. thrust * heated in oven, furnace, or oil-> at 203+/- 10degrees to expand the inner ring for assembly * hot alignment- operating temp * cold alignment-room temp * Alignment check are required under the following conditions a. Upon installation b. Base or foundation is repaired c. Any action done to bearings or motor d. When specified by PMS * Preferred pump shaft alignment is the indicator reverse method * Dial indicator shows . 04 or more movement and soft foot exists * Soft foot condition has not improved after two corrections a bent foot exist * Four approved alignment methods 1. Rim and face 2. Indicator reverse 3. Close-couple pump 4. Straight edge/ feeler gauge POWER Breakers: * AQB breaker for generator switchboards * ACB (air c ircuit breakers) commonly installed in cutter switchboards * NLB have no automatic tripping device, it uses on/off switch * NQB have no automatic tripping device, it uses circuit isolation and manual transfer applications. Selective tripping of breakers is normally accomplished with a short time-delay feature * No authorized changes should be made to trip settings on a breaker * Purpose of switchboard circuit breakers are: 1. Circuit protection 2. Circuit isolation 3. The normal switching operation of an electrical circuit For silver or silver alloys contacts maintenance: 1. Fine file or sandpaper NO. 00 fine sandpaper is used to clean For copper contacts 2. Never use emery cloth Decrease contact forces may cause Overheating of the contact trips( loud humming or chattering is the warning) Power factor = kw/kva * Kva-apparent power * Kw-true power-> the power actually used (uses a wattmeter) Reverse power relay-reverse current rating setting 5% for 10seconds Voltage regulator senses output voltage To obtain 100% power factor circuit must be purely resistive Uninterruptible power supply (ups) protects system from low voltage brown outs Motor generator (MG) is electrical motor that turns a generator (supplies regulated type111 electrical power to system) Motor generator output-120v, three phase, 400hz INDICATOR LIGHTS * White mg power is available * Blue generator circuit breaker is closed * Yellow mg is in use on the other circuit * Clear ground in the system/synchronizing * Red danger * Green normal Hysteresis loss, caused by friction develop between magnetic particles as they rotated though each cycle The primary windings of a current transformer should be connected in the line carrying the current to be measured One terminal of the secondary should be grounded Logarithmic negative temp coefficient- an increase in temp but decrease in resistance Positive temperature coefficient- an increase in temp and increase in resistance Negative temperature coefficient- an decrease in temp and decrease in resistance Only 450m 3phase 3 wire system ungrounded shore power source is acceptable for supplying electrical power. D’arsonval effect- through coil->magnetic field->repel or retract from coil magnetism Selective tripping- time delay source breakers 2301= 4 to 9 terminal MK 27 GYRO COMPASS IS A DIRECT READING COMPASS. SEEKS AND CONTINUOUSLY INDICATES THE MERIDIAN OR TRUE NORTH TWO BASIC PARTS OF THE MASTER COMPASS IS THE BINNACLE AND THE BASE ELECTRICAL CONTROL UNIT (ECU) OF THE MK 27 HOUSES OPERATING CONTROLS, FOLLOW UP SERVO AMPLIFIER, ALARM CIRCUIT, POWER SUPPLY, AND LATITUDE CONTROL WHAT CIRCUIT DESIGNATION FOR AN AIR FLOW ALARM HF COMPONENTS OF AN ALARM INDICATOR SYSTEM ARE SUPERVISORY CIRCUIT, ALARM CIRCUIT, ALARM DEVICES DRIVE UNIT CONVERTS ROTARY MOTION OF THE DRIVE MOTOR INTO A BACK AND FORTH MOTION IN A WINDOW WIPING SYSTEM PENDULUM POWER REQ 115 VOLTS, SINGLE PHASE AC SYCNCHRO CAPSITORS MAINTAINS ACCURACY IN SYNCHRO SYSTEMS. ALSO REDUCES STATOR CURRENTS M. I. C. A DESIGNATED TO A SPECIFIC UNIT FPD PROGRAM PROVIDES SIMPLIFIED ACQUISITION AND ACCOUNTING FUNCTIONS FOR LARGE UNITS OF THE COAST GUARD PRIMARY POWER FOR COAST GUARD 450 VOLT, THREE PHASE, 60HZ SECONDARY POWER FOR COAST GUARD 120 VOLT, THREE PHASE, 60HZ, TWO WIRE GROUND DETECTOR CANNOT DETECT GROUNDS THROUGH A TRANSFORMER POSITIVE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT THE RESISTANCE INCREASES WITH TEMPERATURE WATER INSIDE TRANSDUCER IS FROM†¦ EITHER FROM HUMIDIDTY OR FLUID FROM THE SYSTEM LEAKING BY THE DIAPHRAGM ADVANTAGE FOR USING A 4-20MA SIGNAL IN A TRANSDUCER IT CAN BE TRANSMITTED WITH LITTLE TO NO INTERFERENCE THREE LEAD RTD DOES NOT REQUIRE A †¦ COMPENSATION CIRCUIT REED SWITCH USED IN FLOODING ALARM SYSTEM BEARINGS DISASSEMBLING PRELIMINARIES BEFORE DISASSEMBLING, MATCH MARK ALL ADJACENT PARTS INCLUDING END BELLS, STATOR FEET, CARTRIDGE COVERS, END CAPS, AND COUPLING HALVES, SO THATTHEY ARE REMOUNTED IN THEIR EXACT ORIGINAL POSITION DUMP VALVE MUST BE RESET MANUALLY FUNCTION OF THERMISTOR ON THE SALINITY CELL A TEMPERATURE SENSITIVE RESISTOR WHICH LIMITS THE CURRENT FLOW ACROSS THE GP BETWEEN THE PLATES PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE FOR SALINITY SYSTEM METER CHECK (DAILY), ALARM TRIP LEVELS (WEEKLY), SYSTEM TEST (MONTHLY), CELL INSPECTION (MONTHLY), CELL VALVE INSPECTION (YEARLY), SYSTEM INSPECTION (BI- MONTHLY) POWER REQ FOR ANEOMETER 115 VAC, 60 HZ Term First       Both Sides TROUBLE SHOOTING SYNCHRO SYSTEMOVERLOAD INDICATOR LIGHTS, UNITS HUM AT ALL TX SETTINGS, ONE UNIT OVERHEATS, TR FOLLOWS SMOOTHLY BUT READS WRONG (ROTOR CIRCUIT OPEN OR SHORTED), OVERLOAD INDICATOR LIGHTS, UNITS HUM ON TWO OPPOSITE TX SETTINGS, BOTH UNITS GET WARM, TR TURNS SMOOTHLY IN ONE DIRECTION, THE REVERSES (STATOR CIRCUIT OPEN)| preventive maintence comdtinst m9000. , scheduled mpc serial numbers are first component is system it belongs to and 2nd is the frequency adding oil to the external cup lubricates†¦ the bushings components of the steering system are: steering controls, hydraulic system, rudder feedback system, emergency system primary mode for the steering system is hydraulic and electric Pressure senseing element converts gas or liquid energy into pschycal(mechnical) displacement Pressure snubber is a pressure transmitting device that restricts the rate of fluid flowing to a pressure senseing instrument and as the result, the rate f pressure changes

Collective Security Essay

Collective security has been both supported and criticised as a method of preventing the outbreak of war. It’s an idea that has been around for centuries but it wasn’t until post World War I when it was truly utilized. Throughout my paper I will discuss in further detail what is meant by collective security and how the theory of collective security has been implemented. I will discuss the criticisms of collective security and what conditions help it succeed. I will go into additional detail upon the prospects of collective security with modern challenges such as terrorism, civil wars, and secessionist revolts. What is Collective Security? Collective security originated from former President of the United States of America Woodrow Wilson (Krause, 2004), and is defined as â€Å"a security regime agreed to by the great power that set rules for keeping peace, guided by the principle that an act of aggression by any state will be met by a collective response from the rest† (Kegley, 2010). In other words, a security system is created in which each state within the system develops a security agreement to collectively respond to attacks or threats to their peace. The theory of collective security is intended to protect the security and maintain peace through an organization of sovereign states by entering an agreement that will prohibit them from attacking one another. When joining the â€Å"alliance†, states agree to, and must rise in defence if one of their member states is attacked. With this theory, it is believed that it will serve better to have a multilateral agreement rather than a large, confusing set of bilateral treaties. According to Inis Claude (1956): â€Å"The twentieth-century hope that international organizations might serve to prevent war, or, failing that, to defend states subjected to armed attack in defiance of organized efforts to maintain the peace, has been epitomized in the concept of collective security. . . . Collective security can be described as resting upon the proposition that war can be prevented by the deterrent effect of overwhelming power upon states which are too rational to invite certain defeat.† (Boyd, 2007) Using the Theory of Collective Security The first recognizable form of collective security began with the formation of the League of Nations established at the Paris Peace Conference right after World War I in 1919 (Veatch, 2011). The League of Nations (LON) was built on the single goal to bring world peace and to insure that war never broke out again. After the chaos from the Treaty of Versailles, the League of Nations was looked at by many to bring stability to the world. Sixty-three states eventually became members of the League of Nations, including Canada, but excluding the United States of America and Germany. The League of Nations had various successes and settled many disputes. Some of their successes have been: the dispute of the Aaland Island in 1921, and whether or not it belonged to Finland or Sweden, the Upper Silesia riot in 1921, and whether or not it was part of Germany or Poland, the conflict of Memel port in 1923, and it belonging to Lithuania, the rescue of Turkey in 1923, and the Greek invasion over Bulgaria in 1925 (Trueman, 2010). Along with its successes came many failures. A prime example of the League of Nations’ failure with collective security is that of the Manchurian Crisis. When Japan occupied part of China, – which was a member of the League of Nations – they were ordered to withdraw from the invasion and failure to do to would have resorted to penalties. Japan responded by simply withdrawing the League of Nations two years later. Many limitations were associated with the League of Nations such that any state could withdraw from the agreement (in which many did), and that they couldn’t control the great powers (howstuffworks, 2008). Eventually, the League of Nations came to an end during the outbreak of World War II when it failed to prevent the war. After the war, the League of Nations was replaced by the United Nations (UN) where it inherited a number of organizations and agencies from the League of Nations. Currently, the United Nations has 192 member states and is a prime example of collective security. Their main focus is to facilitate cooperation in internal law, human rights, economic development, international security, social progress, and achieve world peace with collective security throughout its 192 member states (Stromberg, 2002). Another form of collective security is the Collective Security Treaty Organization (SCTO) as well as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). While collective security regimes are to overwhelm power onto aggressors, there are also regional collective defence regimes which are set in place to prevent threats to the peace of the region. Collective defence regimes are â€Å"collective security agreements by members of a geographical region to join together to prevent armed aggression by an expansionist state† (Kegley, 2010). Collective defence organizations include: The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the ANZUS pact (Australia, New Zealand, and the United States), and the most commonly known North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Criticisms of Collective Security Collective security is an â€Å"all-for-one-and-one-for-all† idea that has been around for a long time, but when in use, it proved to be somewhat problematic (Miller, 1999). The theory of collective security has been criticized by its limitations and eventual downfalls. As seen with the League of Nations, while it did bring some good and was able to settle disputes between small countries, it didn’t last very long, nor did it accomplish its primary focus, which was to prevent war. The most popular criticism of collective security is that it’s often viewed as being naive. With collective security, members tend to only act upon defending another member’s state if it is in their own best interest. Before making a decision to take action, states usually consider the expense and potential risk involve with aiding another member within the security regime. In addition, with the collective security agreement set in place, it focuses primarily on military action right from the start and ignores any attempt to seek more peaceful solutions first, such as diplomatic and economic sanctions (Cartmell, 2010). Another criticism of collective security is that many of the member states will join the system and not pay for its costs. Arguably, the smaller member states tend to free ride on the system rather than add any contribution to it. It’s because of this free-riding that an organization is likely to under-produce to its cause. In contrast, with organizations based on collective security (like the United Nations), it is difficult to acquire the great power states, such as America and Russia. Conditions Which Helps Collective Security Succeed Even with the many criticisms of collective security, there are still instances for when it can succeed. Take the United Nations for example. The United Nations demonstrates collective security through its 192 member states and has been active since 1945. It actively participates in improving the development and security of states to help achieve world peace In order for collective security to demonstrate its ability to be an effective and successful tool, there are several conditions in which needs to be met to flawlessly prove it optimal efficacy. Firstly, all threats to peace must be a common concern to everyone (Kegley, 2010). That is, if aggression on a state is ignored, then it will eventually extend onto other countries and be more difficult to stop. Therefore, an attack on any one state within the organization must be treated as an attack on all states. Secondly, every member of the global system should join the collective security organization (Kegley, 2010). Instead of developing alliances against rival states, every state should join to a single united alliance. With this single alliance including each and every state, it is assumed that it would be strong enough to withhold world peace and put an end to war and terrorism in the world. Thirdly, members of the organization should pledge to settle their disputes through pacific means (Kegley, 2010). Collective security requires that all members are willing to peacefully change any disputes they may have before it turns violent. Furthermore, other means of decision makers for disagreements include a judicial organ authorized to settle controversial disagreement within the organization. Finally, if a breach of peace occurs, the organization should apply timely robust sanctions to punish the aggressor (Kegley, 2010). Members must be willing and able to assist any state that is being attacked, whether it is by public condemnation, economic boycott, or military retaliation. Prospects for Collective Security against Modern Challenges Despite the criticisms of collective security, and its past failures and successes, it still holds prospects against modern challenges such as, terrorism, civil wars, and secessionist revolts. In the case of terrorism, it is the responsibility of the collective security organization such as the United Nations, not individual member states to determine the â€Å"rules of the game† for consistent and efficient multilateral action against terrorism (Koechler, 2002). After September 11th or 9/11, the United States in particular, began focusing more on terrorism and increasing its country’s security against and threats or terrorist entering the country. If the United States were in alliance with the United Nations through collective security, then the probability of the attacks would have been greatly lowered. Alongside terrorism is another type of modern challenge known as civil wars, where a war breaks out between organized groups in a single state. If collective security were emplaced under the United Nations, and applied through every state, then again the probability of wars diminishes. Even with the lack of the great power within the United Nations organization, there is still a prospect for collective security in preventing most civil wars. The existence of secessionist revolts wouldn’t be an issue if collective security was successfully imposed among every state. Secession or separative revolts are â€Å"a religious or ethnic minority’s efforts, often by violent means, to gain independent statehood by separating territory from an established sovereign state† (Kegley, 2010). They attempt to overthrow the authority of the state by withdrawing from an organization or political entity. The way collective security can come into effect is that if the secessionist revolts have no other state to turn to because the majority of states are within the collective security organization (such as the United Nations), then they don’t withstand a chance against every nation within the organization. The revolts will easily be overruled and forced not to quit the organization if a successful collective security agreement was in effect. Conclusion Through reviewing collective security and the many implication of its theory throughout history, we can see it has the potential to be an essential tool for world peace. That being said, there are conditions that must be met for that to come in effect. Unfortunately, for it to work flawlessly it becomes too good to be true and that’s where collective security gains its reputation for its many criticisms. There are prospects for collective security against modern challenges and it stands somewhat of a chance to reduce wars and reach world peace. Every state must adapt this theory and collectively unit as a single alliance. Those states that are unprepared to form an alliance with each and every state must face the brutal fact that there will always be rivalry between nations and its people, and must understand that it will continue to lead to wars and alike. We must all put the theory of collective security to the test and strive for unification and world peace.

The Transformation of Katharina in the Play, Taming of...

In Shakespeares play, the Taming of the Shrew, Katharina Minola, known throughout the story as a stubborn Shrew, progressively transforms into a compliant wife. The Taming of the Shrew is one of William Shakespeares great comedies. The play starts with an induction performed by a nobleman on a drunkard named Christopher Sly who arranged for an acting troupe to perform a play called the Taming of the Shrew. The beautiful and elegant Bianca , younger daughter of Baptista Minola, has no shortage of admirers (Lucentio, Gremio and Hortensio) but her father insists that she will not marry until her shrewish sister, Katharina, is betrothed. Biancas suitors persuade a money-seeker Petruchio to court her. The suitors pay for any costs involved and there is also the goal of Katharinas dowry. Petruchio marries Katharina and he carries Katharina off to his country house with his servant Grumio. Petruchio intends to browbeat Katharina into submission and he denies her food, sleep and her new clo thes, whilst continuously singing her praises, thus Katharina is tamed. They return to Padua where Lucentio has won Bianca. At a banquet they wager on who has the most obedient wife. Each wife is issued with commands but only Katharina obeys and promptly lectures everyone on the importance of wifely submission. In the beginning of the play Katharina is shown as a shrew who is stubborn and argues against most people, especially men, which is exhibited through her conversations withShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare1088 Words   |  5 Pages The Taming of the Shrew, written by William Shakespeare, is historical proof that flirting and temptation, relating to the opposite sex, has been around since the earliest of times. Because males and females continue to interact, the complications in this play remain as relevant and humorous today as they did to Elizabethan audiences. This is a very fun play, full of comedy and sexual remarks. Its lasting impression imprints itself into the minds of its readers, for it is an unforgettableRead MoreTaming Of The Shrew And 10 Things I Hate About You Analysis1390 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s Taming of the Shrew as well as its adaptation 10 Things I Hate About You by Gil Junger, represent their respective ideas on love which shares its similarities and differences, both portraying love in their own forms. Both texts highlight the ideals of love in their context as well as one of the main courtships, Katharina and Petruchio, involved in love, portraying their values of lo ve. The transformation of love within context shapes Katharina’s personality in Taming of the Shrew. Kate’sRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew1322 Words   |  6 PagesIn Shakespeare’s play The Taming of the Shrew, the main character, Katharina Minola is portrayed as a shrew. Her behavior emanated from the fact that a father who treated her with indifference raised her and there was a lack of a motherly influence in her life. â€Å"Shakespeare sketches her character with a depth the typical shrew lacks† (â€Å"The Taming and Comic Tradition† 1) so her behavior is a defense mechanism used to protect herself from rejection. Katharina â€Å"is aggressive and belligerent, butRead MoreGender Essentialism : Katherine s Transformation1735 Words   |  7 PagesGender Essentialism: Katherine s Transformation in William Shakespeare s Taming Of The Shrew Feminist and cultural historians have convincingly demonstrated that rebellious women were a concern for englishmen during the late sixteenth centuries (Detmer 273). The idea of â€Å"taming† a women is one that men can find useful, though women can also benefit from. Katherine cynically conforms to expectation, and in doing so displays how The Taming of the Shrew is a critique on gender essentialism. TheRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew By William Shakespeare1255 Words   |  6 PagesIn the play The Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare, it focuses on two sisters who must get married however, the oldest must get married first. Here, Shakespeare presents to the audience, Katharina Minola. Katharina is portrayed as an outspoken and stubborn woman. In the play, Kate cannot find a husband because of her aggressive personality, the men speak negatively about her and believe she is not a fit woman to marry. Although, in the play it may seem like Kate will never find a husband

New Step by Step Roadmap for Example and Illustration Essay Topics

New Step by Step Roadmap for Example and Illustration Essay Topics Example and Illustration Essay Topics Secrets So to make certain that you compose a top-quality essay you obviously should know the inside story of the topic. Anyway, there you are able to find only great examples of the topic. If you like the topic or know quite a bit about the subject you're in a significantly greater place to compose a cracking illustrative essay. You ought to be certain to understand everything clearly once you select an essay topic. If you would like to succeed, the very first thing you are to do is to pick the suitable topic for your essay. If you want to think of an amazing subject, the initial action to do is to pick the right topic from a pool of various illustration essay topics. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Example and Illustration Essay Topics Is Wrong Please review the below papers to get familiar with the caliber of work the writers offer. 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The following are a variety of sources that will supply you with appropriate information for your essay. 1 illustrative essay example can be written by employing personal observation for a method. A minumum of one source is demanded. There are scores and scores of various channels on the internet that dwell upon particular topics that might be linked to the creation of your essay. If you should incorporate research, however, you are going to want to locate suitable examples from your sources. You need to be able to create practical examples in your mind while you search the topic sources. You must write a minumum of one research paper in a semester for a lot of the subjects. Illustration essays are written in order to spell out study subjects and supply interesting and picturesque descriptions. The topic ought to be something you're passionate about so you can easily research and write about it in your paper. 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Whatever They Told You About Example and Illustration Essay Topics Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why Institutional racism is an excellent topic for an illustrative essay because some would argue it does not exist. If you wish to earn an excellent essay, you must have great examples. One of the most typical kinds of examples is a particular illustration. Continue reading to find the many example types you may use in order to strengthen your illustration thesis. There's no such title I know of. Let's take a close look at that definition and learn to compose a very good illustration essay. A specific instance of illustration utilizes a personal experience or other folks experience that is shown to be dominant to present an integral illustration essay example. Type of Example and Illustration Essay Topics The subject matter has become the most important aspect. The best method to prove your point is to demonstrate a real-life example. The important thing is to choose a topic that you can argue for or against its existence. You're going to require a reasonable amount of examples to back up your thesis.

Parental Involvement And Academic Achievement - 1710 Words

Parental Involvement and Academic Achievement: When does a child become affected by the lack of parental involvement in their lives? Some people may say when the child is older, and can fully understand what’s happening. Some even say that children know and feel the effect of the lack of parental involvement when they are as young as Kindergarteners. There are even some people who say that children will never feel the effects of the lack of parental involvement. I disagree with each statement listed above. A child becomes affected by parental involvement as soon as the child is conceived. Think about it, it is the mother’s decision on whether or not to take the right precautions and steps to ensure a healthy pregnancy. If the mother is not looking out for the best interest of their unborn child, the child can have long term effects. Even after birth a child is affected by the decision of their parents. Whether or not a child is loved or neglected plays a major role in proper development. A child will begin to either feel comfortable or become withdrawn when they are put in circumstances as such. Parental involvement is one of the most important things in a child’s development. It will help the child in all areas of development. What does parental involvement do? According to the article â€Å"Defining Parental Involvement: Perception of School Administrators, parental involvement boosts a child s perceived level of competence and autonomy, offers a sense of security andShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Parental Involvement On Academic Achievement2966 Words   |  12 Pageseducation process. Parents and educators will be asked to articulate their perceptions and mindset by clearly defining parental involvement while identifying perceived psychological, emotional, and physical barriers that inhibits parents from becoming stakeholders in the school climate. This study may assist impoverished, rural schools in decreasing and possibly eliminating visible academic disparities. This study may a lso assist educators, school leaders, and community stakeholders in high poverty, ruralRead More Research Proposal for Academic Achievement and Parental Involvement2268 Words   |  10 Pageseducational system. However, researchers and educators generally agree that parents play an extremely important role in students academic development. Parents have been found to actually have the advantage over peers, educators, counselors, and other professionals. This study examines the assumed relationship with a students academic achievement and the amount of parental involvement they receive. There also seems to be an increasing trend toward higher educational expectations. High school sophomoresRead MoreParental Involvement On Student Motivation And Academic Achievement718 Words   |  3 Pagesunderstanding of self-motivation in relation to academic achievement. Parent or guardian participants may gain a better understanding of the impact parental involvement has on their child’s academic achievement. There is minimal risk. Potential Significance of the Study The results from this study can help both parents and teachers in ensuring student success in school. If found that parental involvement greatly contributes to student motivation and academic achievement, parents may be more apt to dedicateRead MoreRelationship Between Parental Involvement And Student Academic Achievement Essay1243 Words   |  5 Pagesthat parental involvement is a key component of academic success for children. Parental involvement can be described as parents â€Å"helping with homework, structuring children’s time at home for schoolwork, communicating with teachers and volunteering at school â€Å"(p. 36). In addition, the lack of parental involvement may lead to difficultly in school for some children (Flores et al., 2015). The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between parental involvement and student academic achievementRead MoreWhat Are The Impact Of Parental Involvement On Student Motivation And Academic Achievement1161 Words    |  5 PagesMethods Research Design This study looks to examine the impact of parental involvement on student motivation and academic achievement while focusing on urban communities. A mixed methods research design will be conducted in order to â€Å"explain, clarify, and extend results discovered through the use of â€Å" (Mertler 2016) a longitudinal survey design, specifically a trend study. Since both quantitative and qualitative data will be collected on the same survey, the type of mixed methods research beingRead MoreThe Effects Of Parental Involvement And Student Academic Achievement Of African American Students1981 Words   |  8 Pagescorrelation between greater parental involvement and student academic achievement. The particular focus of this paper is on the question of to what extent parental involvement – or lack thereof- influences the academic performance of African American students. I will argue that African American student underachievement is, to a significant degree, likely to be attrib utable to lack of active parental guidance and involvement. The variety of factors that impact parental involvement, particularly that ofRead MoreParental Involvement And Academic Performance1686 Words   |  7 Pagesnoticeable and omnipresent achievement gap in our educational system between students of all levels. Research studies have suggested that educational achievement has remained unbalanced for a variety of reasons, one of which is the lack of parental involvement in their children’s academic performance (Larocque, Kleiman Darling, 2011). Parental involvement refers to the amount of participation a parent has when it comes to schooling and her child s life. Parental involvement can take on many formsRead MoreEducational Attainment And Parental Support1486 Words   |  6 Pagesthe academic achievement of primary school children, there is no rural urban difference in academic achievement of primary school children. The findings of the study points out that, Socio-ec onomic status is positively and significantly co related with academic achievement at the primary stage of education, Higher SES category students show significantly better academic achievements in comparison to meddler low SES category students. 2.5. STUDIES RELATED TO EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AND PARENTAL SUPPORT:Read MoreChildren s Academic Achievement, And The Mediation Role Of Self Regulated Learning850 Words   |  4 PagesThe present study aimed to investigate parental involvement as a possible mechanism linking children s academic achievement, and the mediation role of self-regulated learning. In line with earlier findings, the results of this study showed parental involvement is positively linked to children s academic achievement. More important, self-regulated learning fully mediated the relation between parental involvement and children’s academic achievement. To be more specific, the motivation orientationRead MoreResearch Project On Parental Involvement1159 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Parental involvement is the combination of commitment on the part of the parent to their child and to their school. This literature review outlines the steps that I will be taking to conduct my research project on the importance of parental and family involvement in kids’ education. I have always had interest in the social aspect of a student’s learning and how their environment affects their motivation for learning. I find it to be very important to be aware of these contributors and

Flight Centre Travel Group

Question: Discuss about the Flight Centre Travel Group. Answer: Flight Centre Travel Group (FCTG) is the largest retail travel solutions provider in Australia. It is a vast global companies with offices present across Australia, New Zealand, Asia, Europe and the United States. It employs over 18,500 people globally besides entering into strategic tie-ups with other brands across the world. It has recently begun an aggressive expansion into the online space, moving forward from only physical store presence. It has started an in-house brand known as Aunt Betty along with the acquisition of US-based StudentUniverse.com and Australia-based BYOjet.com.(FCTG, 2016) The Chief Financial Officer, Adam Campbell, is accountable for all the financial risks of a company, while also taking on additional duties of budget planning and book-keeping. He is also responsible for timely release of the companys financial reports. He works closely with the Chief Operating Office and the Chief Executive Officer, Graham Turner, involved in both strategic and tactical decisions. The general areas of responsibility of a CFO can be described as follows: Controller and Auditor: The CFO is responsible for assessing the company performance and translating it into financial metrics. He is held accountable by all the stakeholders shareholders, employees, management for timely release of financial reports and other financial information. FCTG reported revenues of A$ 2.36 billion and profits of A$ 257 million in FY 2015. Since many strategic decisions are based on these reports, they are supposed to be accurate and precise. Tools like ratio analysis and balanced scorecard help a CFO convert the companys operational metrics to financial ones.(BIERY, 2015) Treasurer: The CFO is responsible for managing the companys financial risk. He has the final word on decisions regarding investment of companys funds like pension funds. He has to take a call on investment considering the return, risk and liquidity of the investment options available. The efficient market hypothesis postulates that it is impossible to get higher than market returns without increasing the risk of the investment portfolio. This hypothesis is based on the fact that stock prices always represent the true sentiment of the market and are always trading at their fair value. Therefore, it would be impossible for anyone to buy stocks which are undervalued or short the overvalued ones. This theory is often debated as there are practical examples of investors (Warren Buffet for eg.), who have accumulated above average returns by investing in appropriate portfolios. Also, sustained bull or bear runs also contradict the efficient market hypothesis. However, academic research suggests that it is not possible to beat the market for sustained periods of time. Although one might be able to earn higher returns through selective stock selection, it is very rare to do it over long periods of time. So, it would always be advisable to invest in low-cost market index po rtfolios which promise average market returns (also known as passive management). Now, a CFO is responsible for management of pension funds. Role of a pension fund manager is to ensure that the fund operates effectively for a long duration. Since the fund contains significant savings of a large number of employees of the company and is expected to provide benefits after retirement, the risk window available for the pension fund manager to play with is very narrow. Pension fund management is becoming increasing popular as the government is shifting the responsibility from itself to the corporations itself. A CFO may directly manage the pension fund by employing a team in-house. He may also seek the services of a pension fund manager or a consultancy who may manage the fund on behalf of the corporation. Also, he may choose to partner with the government pension scheme or an insurance scheme for providing retirement benefits to the company employees. Besides investments, the CFO is also in charge of the capital structure of the corporation. He has to arrange for both debt and equity fund raising as and when required and also maintain an appropriate debt/equity ratio. He should also be ready with reasons for his decisions about debt and equity when subjected to scrutiny by the stakeholders.(Anderson, 2016) Planning and forecasting: A CFO is an integral part of the strategy team of a company. He should be able to critically and analyze and share his insights about the financial performance department-wise. He should be able to identify the high-performing assets for further capitalization and low-performing assets for further improvement. His job description also includes financial modelling and forecasting to ensure long-term sustainable profits for the company. Through scenario analysis, he should consider all the various possibilities that the company can face and suggest contingencies for the same. The decision to actively pursue aggressive online expansion by FCTG must have been arrived at considering the changing market environment, pressure from competitors and drop in margins from physical stores. The CFO has a major impact in setting objectives for the company and driving the corporation towards achieving those objectives. He, along with the other C-level executives, establishes measurable performance objectives along with a timeframe. These objectives depend on where the company is in its life-cycle. For example a while the objective of an ecommerce start-up might be to achieve 100% growth in Gross Merchandise Volume, the objective of an established automotive company might be to improve its gross margins by 20% over the next quarter. The CFO taps into the past and current financial performance reports and other available resources, analyzing them thoroughly so as to set realistic and achievable targets. After the objectives have been accurately defined, the role of the CFO switches to monitoring the companys progress to keep it on track for achieving the desired goals. He has to come up with some Key Performance Indices (KPIs) to quantify the performance objectives. He then has to keep a track of these KPIs and provide feedback to the company management continuously. He should be able to now translate the financial insights into operating procedures to be followed by the workforce in the corporation. He has to collaborate and work closely with the various operating groups in the company for this process. If a CFO is unable to fulfill his aforementioned responsibilities, it can impact the companys progress in a significant way. He should readily be able to fulfill any of the funding needs of the company required to achieve its objective. Any non- availability or delay in funding can set the company back by a significant amount of time in achieving its objectives. FCTGs plan of establishing itself as a market leader in online travel booking space is contingent on the constant inflow of funds from the finance department. Its recent acquisitions of two online portals is a testament of the strong financial standing of the company. The CFO also has to keep the company appropriately leveraged, so as to provide enough liquidity for all the operational needs, while also managing the financial risks so as to build strong fundamentals. While providing funds for expansion, CFO has to ensure that there are significant liquid funds available for smooth functioning of the offline business while also keeping adequate cash reserves for exigencies. Over the years, the role of a CFO has evolved from a book-keeping accountant to a strategy consultant to the CEO. He is today one of the most trusted members of the CEOs strategy team. It has changed from a transactional nature to more of a business partnering nature. He has grown from an attention to - detail micromanager to a thought leader, from a hands- on doer to a delegator, from a reserved line- follower to an outspoken and collaborative decision- maker. He is now supposed to be excellent at stockholder communication and is an important advisor to the board of director. In todays highly volatile macro-economic environments, CFOs ensure that the financial backbone of the company remains intact. The significant impact of the CFO status is best realized by the fact that many CFOs now hold the additional title of CEO-in-waiting.(Investopedia Staff, 2015) FCTG has seen unprecedented growth in order to become a multi- billion dollar corporation employing thousands of people. Its objective of opening up the world for those who want to see has resonated well both with customers and its tour partners. FCTG has won many corporate and leisure travel awards like the best National Travel Management Company, Best Agency Corporate and Best Wholesaler. Such recognitions and exemplary financial performance evidence that the company has been able to achieve its objectives successfully till date. It is however now venturing into the online space which is a completely different ballgame. Now only does it lower the barriers to entry for new players making the play fairer, it demands a more agile kind of an organization to handle an internet business. It has started on a strong note by making the right kind of moves by acquiring the correct players. FCTG will need all the strategic and financial support that it can get from its CFO, now more than ever . However, considering the excellent performance record of FCTG, the future does look quite well for all its stakeholders. The efficient market hypothesis was used by Fama in the year 1970. He defined efficient financial market as a market where the prices of the securities reflect the information available in the market by all the investors. Thus efficient market hypothesis states that in financial market in the real world the stock prices reflect all the information about the firm. If the prices are high then the firm is doing well and if the prices are low then the firm is not doing well. Thus it is a true reflection of the performance of the company and the investors or trading system cannot earn excessive profits or return than the equilibrium profits or return as the current information available is present with all the investors. It also says that in the long run an investor whether a person or a mutual fund cannot continuously beat the market and the huge amount of resources which are invested by these investors in selecting the stocks, analyzing and trading them to beat the market will be wasted . The efficient market hypothesis states that the investors should not be actively involved in managing the money but be a passive investor as the market will bring prices to equilibrium. (Investopedia, 2013) The theoretical foundation of the efficient market hypothesis relies on three important points. Firstly, it assumes that the investors are rational and they will value the stocks rationally. i.e. they will take sensible decision while deciding the price of a stock and thus the market will be able to balance equilibrium with the information available. Secondly the efficient market hypothesis assumes that there will be some irrational investors in the market who will trade irrationally buying stocks at random. But since there will be an also set of people doing exactly opposite so in total there will be no net effect on the prices of the stocks. Thirdly, the efficient market hypothesis assumes that the irrational investors meet rational arbitrageurs who cancel their effect on prices. Efficient market hypothesis believes that the rational investor will calculate the value of a company by discounting all the future cash flow taking its risk into consideration. However in reality, the investors are not fully rational and thus the efficient market hypothesis does not stand true. Also the argument stating lack of correlation between the trading of irrational traders is limited. Thus passive investment in the market can lead to huge losses. The pension fund manager is responsible for the money of the clients and it is his duty to provide a diversified portfolio to minimize risk and maximize return will which be acceptable to the investors. The statement that the pension fund manager should invest in any kind of portfolio is incorrect as the pension fund manager has to diversify his portfolio and random selection of stock may not help in achieving this goal. Also even if the portfolio is diversified the pension fund manager should provide the maximum return to investors which is possible by analyzing and picking the right stocks and minimizing risk.(Shleifer, 2016) References Anderson, C. (2016). What Are the Top Ten CFO Responsibilities. Retrieved from https://www.bizmanualz.com/be-a- better-boss/what- are-the- top-ten- cfo-responsibilities.html Biery, M. E. (2015).4 Key Functions of a Chief Financial Officer. Retrieved September 7, 2016 from https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/242001 FCTG.(2016). Flight Centre, The Airfare Experts and Worlds largest travel agency. Retrieved September 7, 2016 from https://www.flightcentre.com/ Investopedia Staff. (2015). What does a Chief Financial Officer (CFO) do. Investopedia.Retrieved September 7, 2016 from https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/04/042204.asp Sheliefer, A. (2016). Are Financial Markets Efficient? Retrieved September 7, 2016 from https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/0198292279.001.0001/acprof-9780198292272-chapter-1 Malkiel, B.G., 2003. The efficient market hypothesis and its critics.The Journal of Economic Perspectives,17(1), pp.59-82. Laffont, J.J. and Maskin, E.S., 1990. The efficient market hypothesis and insider trading on the stock market.Journal of Political Economy, pp.70-93. Malkiel, B.G., 2005. Reflections on the efficient market hypothesis: 30 years later.Financial Review,40(1), pp.1-9.

Why Chinese Culture Leads to High Plagiarism Rate in Chinese Universities

Table of Contents Introduction Literature Review Research Methodology Expected Outcome Timeline Cost and Expenses References Introduction The issue of plagiarism in China and other Asian countries has worried scholars from the west and the rest of the world for centuries. The scholars live in constant fear of being denied the rightful ownership of their academic work.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why Chinese Culture Leads to High Plagiarism Rate in Chinese Universities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The communism ideals in China dictate that all property (including ideas) is owned by the community and should therefore remain a property of the community. This makes it hard for university students to give credit to an individual for something that rightfully belongs to the community. It is important to look where this notion came from in order to look for effective ways of fighting the vice. Given its magn itude, the problem in Chinese universities cannot be solved overnight. There is need for patience and overhaul of the existing education system that is itself a byproduct of plagiarism. By having the right mindset, we can succeed in identifying the underlying causes of the problem and effectively solve it. This will be the main goal of the research paper. Although this is hard to attain, the research has an objective of proposing small steps to be taken towards achieving the main goal. (Altbach, 2010) Literature Review The large amount of literature that has been dedicated to plagiarism in Chinese universities emphasizes the impact that culture has on the issue. This chapter will give a review of the secondary literature available on the subject. With the world having become a global village, education systems have to be harmonized to provide a fair playing ground for students from every part of the world. Different theories are appraised according to their role and significance to the present topic, that is, the rate of plagiarism in Chinese universities. According to Martin (1994), high-ranking officials perpetuate plagiarism when they use junior staff to write their speeches and later on fail to acknowledge them. Yusof (2009) upholds this claim by inferring that this trend moves down to the lower officials and finally to students making it even more complex. Yusof (2009) further claims that the idea of plagiarism is foreign to students especially from Chinese setting. According to Gill (2008), having insight in the Chinese cultural dimensions is the first step toward tackling this dynamic problem. Altbach (2010) identifies China’s academic culture as a key issue hindering the plagiarism fight in Chinese universities. According to Friedma Gump (2010), Chinese universities will form the backbone of China’s future economic growth. However, they claim that the culture of academic plagiarism will most definitely harbor this process. In the light o f this proposal, China Daily (2010) observes that the country has taken important steps to ensure that it curbs the spread of academic fraud in its universities. Other people who have tried to initiate research on the plagiarism subject include Ary, et. al. (2006) among other scholars.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research Methodology Having studied the broad outline of the research on the role played by culture in explaining the high levels of plagiarism, the research paper will go further and define the borders of the research namely, Research Approach, Research Strategies, Data Collection Methods and distribution of the data and information to reach the conclusions of the research. In this respect, deductive and inductive approaches to this paper are eminent. This is because the plagiarism problem is widespread in all Chinese universities. The research strategy revolves around c ollecting data from different universities in China, electronic media and online libraries and then applying different theories based on the data collected to provide valuable information regarding the plagiarism issue in Chinese universities. The data is then presented in a realistic manner to make a conclusion on the data provided. In this research, the main sources of data will mainly be secondary i.e. electronic media and online libraries. Given that the report relies heavily on secondary data, there are bound to be limitations. Electronic media and online libraries are subject to manipulation and stereotyping in order to suit the personal interest of the researcher and may therefore substantially impair objectivity and integrity of the research. However, this will be overcome by using only credible online sources. (Yusof, 2009) Expected Outcome The research paper will be expected to expose the magnitude of the Chinese plagiarism problem. The report will also propose ways throug h which the problem can be tackled effectively. The success of the report will be seen when small changes begin to be effected in the education system following the release of the research. Considered that the report identifies Chinese universities to be the tool that will catapult the nation into its next phase of economic development, it is expected that the report will be given primacy during the implementation stage. (Gill, 2008) Timeline Given the enormity of the problem, the report will implement initial measures that will have to be carried out in the first six months following the release of this report. The research paper will also give a timeline chart containing an action plan that will have to be adhered to during the implementation process. This will ensure that the report is not left to gather dust as many others that have been produced on the same issue have done. This timeline is expected to produce initial reforms that will pave the way for a complete overhaul of th e Chinese university system that condones plagiarism. (China Daily, 2010)Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why Chinese Culture Leads to High Plagiarism Rate in Chinese Universities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cost and Expenses Since it is expected that implementing the recommendations of the report will take up substantive amount of labor and money, the report will propose a fiscal budget that will determine the amount of money expected to be used. In proposing the budget, the report will consider the current billable hours per person currently being used in the market. In order to avoid unseen pitfalls on the way, the report will also allow a margin of error to cater for all the unexpected challenges. (China Daily, 2010) References Altbach, P. (2010).  Academic Fraud and the Academic Culture in China – and Asia. Web. Ary, D. et. al. (2006).   Introduction to Research in Education.  Seventh Edit ion.  Belmont, CA:  Thomson Wadsworth. China Daily. (2010). China Cracks Down on Academic Fraud, Plagiarism. Web. Friedma, P. Gump, A. (2010).  Plagiarism and China’s Future Economic Development. Web. Gill, J. (2008).  Cultural Insight Can Help Tackle Plagiarism. Web. Martin, B.  (1994).   Plagiarism:  A Misplaced Emphasis. Journal of Information Ethics. 3 (2).  36-47.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Yusof, D. (2009). A Different Perspective on Plagiarism. The Internet TESL Journal. 15 (2). Web. This essay on Why Chinese Culture Leads to High Plagiarism Rate in Chinese Universities was written and submitted by user Mariah Kline to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.